PRELIMS CON Flashcards
______________is about the liberalization and global integration of market - This is absolutely anchored in the___________________ ideal of self-regulating market as the normative basis for a future global order.
Globalization
neo—liberal
stated that Globalization means to designate an overview of the human experience in education.
Cuturela
refers to the taxes imposed on import and export goods.
Tariff
defines division of labor as the specialization of workers in different parts of the production process, usually factory setting.
Adam Smith
is set of unified rules and policies that provided the framework necessary to create fixed international currency exchange rates.
Brentton Wood System
acquired a geographical dimension during the influx of industrial economies as evolved.
Division of Labor
__________________are not part of the Macro Level Enacting Rice Tariffication Law to maintain the supply of rice is NOT an example of______________
Multinational Corporations
exporting
includes the international organization and regimes that establish rules and norms for the global community.
Macro Level
__________________is inevitable and irreversible - The _____________perspective sees globalization as the spread of irreversible market forces driven by technological innovations that make the global integration of national economies inevitable.
Globalization
market-globalist
Robert Hormats (1998) opined that ‘The great beauty of globalization is that no one is in control.
Nobody is in charge of globalization -
- This scholar stated that Globalization is the process of world shrinkage, of distance getting shorter, things moving closer. It pertains to the increasing ease with which somebody on the other side of the world.
Thomas Larson
mentioned that globalization is the process of intensifying social relationships among countries around the world connecting separate localities in a manner in which local events are formed as a result of happenings that have occurred from afar.
Giddens
defined globalization as the “understanding of the world and the increased perception of the world as a whole.”
Robertson
WTO is an organization was founded in________ and absorbed the__________
1995
GATT
refers to selling of goods and services from home country to a foreign nation.
Export
refers to refers to the gradual process of political, economic, and cultural integration throughout the world.
Globalization
- This lies at the heart of market globalism and represents a ‘good’ phenomenon
Globalization benefits everyone
opined that ‘The great beauty of globalization is that no one is in control.’
Robert Hormats
involves merging different markets into a unified system which is an example of organization promoting market
Market integration
is an example of a regional organization promoting market integration
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
to refer to all of these types, seeking within specific contexts to be clear about which usage most applies.
Global Corporation
Another method of projecting this growth is to__________ the sources and levels of Foreign Direct Investment most of which was of corporate origin.
examine
Many corporate structures, especially those in the United States operating within the frame of the producer-driven commodity chain had been organized by what came to be recognized as “___________” management principles
fordist
The relative size, growth and range of activity of global corporations from the emerging economies suggest that they are on a____________ that will soon __________________within those of the historically more developed economies.
trajectory
situate them firmly
The importance of global corporations in____________________ to the current and projected global economy is singular
Brazil, India and China
In_________ only one of the top 100 global corporations was located outside the______________
1998
US, Europe, Japan
The emergence of________ as a major producer nation, especially of automobiles and consumer electronics from the______’s on, brought onto the scene new models of effective production focused especially on quality and regimes of flexible production
Japan
1970
The number of global corporations from the emerging market economies listed in the_______________________ which ranks corporations by revenue, rose from 47 firms in 2005 to 95 in 2010.
Fortune Global 500,
The fact that the global economic slowdown resulting from the______________________ has had a lesser impact on many developing economies, especially the_________, indicates the extent to which they have become a new and important source of capital within the global system.
financial crisis of 2007
BRICS
As the world emerged from the vast destructions of WWII, economic recovery and expansion were led overwhelming by____________________ which for a period from the end of the war until the re-entry of Japanese and European corporations onto the global scene
American corporations
The____________________ of the global corporation occurring within this third period have been far reaching and_____________, reflecting changes taking place within the broader structural dimensions of globalization itself and at the same time significantly_______________ to those continuing changes.
transformations
distinctive
contributing
An understanding of how ____________________operate within contemporary globalization requires a brief recounting of some of the major changes that have taken place over the almost seventy years since the end of WWII.
global corporations
operating internationally had enormous advantages in the immediate post-war period as they—virtually alone in the world—emerged from the war with their productive, organization and distributional capacities intact.
US corporations
A considerable amount of other scholarly work documents various “__________” of global corporate development through the subsequent_______ decades to the present.
waves
six
The overall structure of this system would stay in place and continue to develop throughout the________________—a period that stands_____________ just prior to three fundamental innovations that have substantially changed the_____________ of the global corporation
1970s and 1980’s
chronologically
character
During the period_____________ FDI grew at an average rate of 30% a year. One result, unsurprisingly, was the landscape of corporate units and their relationship to each other.
1985-1990
Since 1964 the _____________________________has focused on the various roles that FDI plays in the Development Process and has maintained an extensive policy library of global FDI statistics as well as the dense structure of regulation that frame global corporate cross-border engagements
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
Market and networking systems that are part of a specific community -
Local Economy
International organization that makes trading easier -
World Trade Organization and General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
These are the areas dominated by the capitalist world-economy and exploiting the rest of the system -
Core
These are the areas that provide raw materials to the core and are heavily exploited -
Semi- periphery
The following are the different levels of analysis created by Gary Gereffi -
Micro Level and Meso Level
Its operations are premised on the neoliberal idea that all nations benefit from free and open trade and it is dedicated to reducing or ultimately eliminating barriers of trade -
WTO
This organization deals with exchange rates, balances of payments, international capital flows, and the monitoring of member states and their macroeconomic policies -
IMF
It provides funds to government-sponsored or guaranteed programs to the member states that are middle-income or creditworthy poorer nations -
IMF
This pact effectively created a free-trade bloc among the three largest countries of North America that would bring prosperity through increased trade and production, resulting in the creation of millions of well-paying jobs in all participating countries -
NAFTA
The following are categories of humanity according to James Lorimer -
Civilized and Barbaric
A product of the special civilization of modern Europe -
International Law
Three corresponding grades of recognition -
Partial Political and Plenary Political
It divided the world according to its standard of civilization -
Victorian International Law
A Claims of Market Globalism -
Globalization benefits everyone.
- A range of processes nesting under one rather unwieldy epithet and the interplay of extraordinary technological innovation mixed with influence of the world that gives today’s changing its complexity.
It defines as Globalization
It implies to developed economies -
Global South
A period of geopolitical tension marked by competition and confrontation between communist nations led by the Soviet Union and Western democracies including the United States -
Cold War
It is known as the heart of both public international law and the legal constitution of the state -
Sovereignty
A sovereign state and its laws are changing; they are transforming according to their relevance to what system or law-
International
It is understood as a framework of institutions, rules, norms, and procedures that facilitate collective action and co-operation among countries and other actors -
Global governance
Comprises a range of specialized agencies, programs, and funds that work on issues such as health, education, climate change, and peace and security -
The United Nations (UN) system
Sets rules for international trade and resolves disputes between member countries -
The World Trade Organization (WTO)
Provides financial assistance to countries facing economic crises and promotes international monetary co-operation -
The International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Establishes a framework for countries to work together to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate the impacts of climate change -
The Paris Agreement on climate change
Sets out fundamental human rights that are recognized and protected by countries around the world -
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Treaties signed by a number of states that establish global rules of conduct -
International Agreements
A collection of rules and regulations that define the rights and obligations of states -
International Law
The sum of laws, norms, policies, and institutions that define, constitute and mediate trans-border relations between states, cultures, citizens, intergovernmental and nongovernmental organization, and the market -
Global Governance
Addressing a problem that goes beyond the capacity of the state-
Managing Knowledge
He says he’ll pull the Philippines from the court altogether, “effective immediately” -
Rodrigo Duterte
It states that only sovereign states can become members of the United Nations -
Article 4
It evolved into a central framework for the emergent system of global governance -
International Law
, in his article, Globalization: Social Theory and Global Culture, defined globalization as the “understanding of the world and the increased perception of the world as a whole.
Robertson (1992)
However, after the Cold War the term was already used to define an______________ world when it comes to its economical and informational dimensions.
interdependent
As it is defined by___________, globalization is the development of an increasingly integrated global economy marked by free trade, free flow of capital, and the tapping of cheaper foreign labor markets
Webster
Globalization is the process of intensifying ________________among countries around the world connecting separate localities in a manner in which local events are formed as a result of happenings that have occurred from afar.
social relationships
in which this includes the international organizations and regimes that establish rules and norms for the global community
macro level
in which it is believed that the building blocks for the global economy are the countries and firms the micro level. There is a growing literature on the resistance to globalization by consumer groups, activists, and transnational social movements.
meso level
, trade flows have become far more complex, and so have the relationships between the developed and the developing nations of the global economy.
Years after World War II
occurs when prices among different locations or related goods follow similar patterns over a long period of time.
Market integration
often move proportionally to each other and when this relation is very clear among different markets it is said that the markets are integrated.
Groups of goods
On__________________, an unusual event took place at Madison Square Garden in New York. Twenty thousand people attended a meeting there to hear speeches marking the Nazis’ first year in power and denouncing the regime.
7 March 1934
Global corporations are___________________ from the more general phenomenon of globalization itself.
inseparable
have investment in other countries but do not have coordinated product offerings in each country.
multinational companies
The approach to the study of globalization sometimes termed “______________________” locates the phenomenon itself in early patterns of trade and exchange.
historical globalization
Former_________________ has had bumpy relationship with the international criminal court.
globalization is a rich and broad concept and may be defined in various perspectives.
President Rodrigo Duterte
Globalization has made a tremendous impact on the_______^^^^^^^^^. the advancements in technology and innovations have increased the speed of the migration and transplantation of legal rules and policies.
sovereign state
is at the heart of both public international law and legal constitution of the state.
Sovereignty
Market relations and political discontent with economic policies have virtually become.
borderless
According to Gary Gereffi there are 3 different levels of analysis:
Macro Level -
Meso Level
Micro Level
establish rules and norms for the global community.
Macro Level
the building blocks for the global economy.
Meso Level
resistance to globalization or the individuals.
Micro Level
- deals with the global rules of trade between nations. Its operations are premised on the neoliberal idea that all nations benefit from free and open trade and it is dedicated to reducing or ultimately eliminating barriers of trade.
The World Trade Organization (WTO)
- This organization deals with exchange rates, balances of payments, international capital flows, and the monitoring of member states and their macroeconomic policies. It works to achieve sustainable growth and prosperity for all of its 190 member countries
The International Monetary Fund (IMF)
- It is an international financial institution that provides loans and grants to the governments of low- and middle-income countries for the purpose of pursuing capital projects. It provides funds to government-sponsored or guaranteed programs to the member states that are middle-income or creditworthy poorer nations.
The World Bank
- This organization was designed to enhance European political and economic integration by creating a single currency (the euro), a unified foreign and security policy, and common citizenship rights and by advancing cooperation in the areas of immigration, asylum, and judicial affairs.
European Union (EU)
a. The ________________________praised the Eastern European economic transition towards capitalism by saying, “The emergence of new businesses and shopping centers in former communist countries should be seen as the ‘backbone of democracy.’
former First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton (1999)
- an agreement signed by Canada, Mexico, and the United States that created a trilateral trade bloc in North America. This pact effectively created a free-trade bloc among the three largest countries of North America that would bring prosperity through increased trade and production, resulting in the creation of millions of well-paying jobs in all participating countries.
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
- is a legal agreement between many countries, whose overall purpose was to promote international trade by reducing or eliminating trade barriers such as tariffs or quotas
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
- is an intergovernmental organization oil demand supply market upstream and downstream.
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
– It measures the monetary value of final goods and services—that is, those that are bought by the final user—produced in a country in a given period of time (say a quarter or a year). It counts all of the output generated within the borders of a country.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
– It focuses on converting and extracting raw materials. Examples: Mining, forestry, agriculture, etc.
Primary sectors/industries
– It performs the function of converting and processing raw materials into usable goods.
Examples: Bearing, manufacturing, etc.
Secondary sectors/industries
– it provide services that are intangible in nature.
Examples: Consulting, financial services, delivery services, etc.
Tertiary sectors/industries
Three categories of humanity or concentric zones of humanity of James Lorimer:
Civilized humanity
Barbaric/Barbarous
Savage humanity
Having an advanced or humane culture, society, etc. polite; well-bred; refined. of or relating to civilized people and the civilized world must fight ignorance.
Civilized humanity
– included ‘semi-peripheral’ states such as China, Turkey and Egypt, which Lorimer recognized as states but not as full members of the ‘civilized’ European family of nations.
Barbaric/Barbarous humanity
- referred to the colonized ‘periphery,’ particularly Africa, whose peoples were not recognized as having any collective legal personality.
Savage humanity
- is an arrangement among nations that typically includes the reduction or elimination of trade barriers and the coordination of monetary and fiscal policies.
Economic integration
– It gives a price advantage to locally-produced goods over similar goods which are imported, and they
raise revenues for governments.
Tariffs
– It is a compact between so-called civilized states not to unilaterally challenge each other’s legitimate right to rule. Also, it governs the relationship between the occupying power, on the one hand, and the wholly or partially occupied State and its inhabitants, including refugees and stateless persons, on the other. It is applicable only in international armed conflicts.
The Law of Belligerent Occupation
- A rule in which sovereignty resides permanently in the people or nation not on its head. Introduced by Professor Adam Roberts describe Iraq and other occupations ‘whose stated purpose (whether or not actually achieved) is to change states that have failed, or have been under tyrannical rule’.
Transformative Occupation
- The governing body of a nation, state, or community. It is an agency through which the state exercises its sovereign power over all persons and things within its jurisdiction.
Government
- are human beings in general or considered collectively.
People
- an area of land under the jurisdiction of a ruler or state.
Territory
- the authority of a state to govern itself or another state.
Sovereignty
- consists of two or more people who regularly interact on the basis of mutual expectations and who share a common identity.
Social Group
is a generic term for the lowest tiers of public administration within a particular sovereign state. This particular usage of the word government refers specifically to a level of administration that is both geographically-localised and has limited powers.
Local Governance
- It encompasses activities that transcend national boundaries including ways in which global affairs are managed.
Five Areas: Peace & Security, Environment & Sustainable Development, Global Economy, Global Justice and Global Education.
Global Governance
is the study of individuals and business decisions.
Microeconomics
looks at the decisions of countries and governments.
Macroeconomics
- is a company that does business in a select few countries around the world and operates facilities such as warehouses or distribution centres in at least one foreign country.
Multinational Corporation
- is an investment in the form of a controlling ownership in a business, in real estate or in productive assets such as factories in one country by an entity based in another country.
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
- is an international standard development organization composed of representatives from the national standards organizations of member countries.
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
is a rich and a broad concept and may be defined in various perspectives.
Globalization
Although all UN members are 61 The Contemporary Worldfully sovereign states at the present, the__________________________________ four of the original members- were not independent at the time of their admission in the organization.
Belarus, India, Philippines, and Ukraine-
From the_____________________, the legal framework of a sovereign state has served as a definitive ground for political governance and economic system
seventeenth century
has now become less state-centric that makes a way into the political constitution of domestic policies.
interstate system
have assumed relevant roles in global governance.
Intergovernmental Organizations
The_______________ of the International Criminal Court upholds the principle of complementarities and recognizes that states do not have to collaborate with the court unless they have ratified the statute.
Rome statute
– White further asserts that the ICC has become part of a system of multilevel global governance through its alteration of state preferences and policies and its deterrence of future crimes through judicial and prosecutorial pronouncements.
William Burke
