MIDTERM CON Flashcards
__________is the concept of a gap between the Global North and the Global South in terms of___________ and____________.
Global Divides
development
wealth
The North-south divide is a ___________ and __________ of earth popularized in the ______ 20th century and _________21st century
Socio-economic
Political division
Late
Early
The idea of ____________ ___________ began during the __________ with the classifications of East and west
Categorizing countries
Cold war
•____________ is a visual depiction of the north-south divide, proposed by______________ in the___________. It encircles the world at a__________ of approximately____________, passing between North and Central America, north of Africa and the Middle East, climbing north over China and Mongolia, but dipping south so as to include Australia and New Zealand in the__________
Brandt Line
“Rich North”.
West German former Chancellor Willy Brandt
1980s
latitude
30° North
Classifying countries In the 1980s, the ___________was developed as a way of showing the how the world was geographically split into relatively_________ and___________ na�ons.
Brandt Line
richer
poorer
According to this model: brandt line
___________countries are almost all located in the Northern
Hemisphere, with the excep�on of ________________
Richer
Australia and New Zealand.
Poorer countries are mostly located in____________ and in the Southern Hemisphere
tropical regions
However over �me it was realized that this view was too simplis�c. Countries such as_____________, ______________and____________ all have above global average GDP (PPP) per capita, yet still appear in
the ______________
Conversely, countries such as_________ appear to be now amongst a poorer set of countries by the same measure.
Argen�na, Malaysia, Botswana
Global South’.
Ukraine
The________________ (comprises one quarter of the world popula�on) refers to_____________of Europe and North America, which are characterized by established democracy, wealth, technological advancement, poli�cal stability, aging popula�on, zero popula�on growth and dominance of world trade and poli�cs.
developed socie�es
Global North
Despite very significant development_______ globally which have raised many millions of people out of absolute_______, there is substan�al evidence that inequality between the world’s richest and poorest countries is widening. In__________________ per capita income was three �mes bigger than Africa’s but by 2000 it was________ �mes as big.
In addi�on, in 2013,___________ reported that the richest_____ people in the world owned the same amount of wealth as the poorest half of the world’s popula�on.
gains
poverty
1820 western Europe’s
thirteen
Oxfam
85
Today the world is much more__________ than the Brandt Line depicts as many poorer countries have experienced significant economic and social development. However,___________ within countries has also been growing and some commentators now talk of a ‘Global North’ and a ‘Global South’ referring respectively to richer or poorer communities which are found both within and between countries. For example, whilst India is s�ll home to the largest concentra�on of poor people in a single na�on it also has a very sizable middle class and a very rich elite.
complex
inequality
There are many causes for these__________ including the availability of natural resources; different levels of health and educa�on; the nature of a country’s economy and its industrial sectors; interna�onal trading policies and access to markets; how countries are governed and interna�onal rela�onships between countries; conflict within and between countries; and a country’s vulnerability to natural hazards and climate change
inequali�es
The primary motivation of the desire to advance welfare in the region -
Asian Regionalism
The arrangement which led to the collapse of___________ and _____________and accelerating the downward spiral of economic activity was foremost in the mind of the architects of the__________ global economic system in which they adopted the principle of_________ as the central foundation of_____________
international trade
financial flows
post-ward
non discrimination
WTO and GATT
Many of the economist and policy makers remain skeptical about___________ because of its negative impact of Multilateral Trade and Financial System
regionalism
Asian countries are principally connected through________
market
Link the competitive strengths of its diverse economies in order to boost their productivity and sustain the region’s exceptional growth -
How can regionalism benefit Asia
Provide leadership to help sustain open global trade and financial systems -
How can regionalism benefit the world
Asia comprises several powerful countries and centers of economic activity, with many shared_________ priorities. At times, these differences are amplified by_________ and___________
economic
Politics
History
It is said that, the price of cooperation is the loss of some national____________ and the narrowing of policy options for pursuing purely national____________
sovereignty
Objectives
The center of gravity is shifting to
Asia
This is essential in addressing the challenges such as: rapid economic growth; citizens demand; and sustainable and inclusive Asia -
Regional Economic Cooperation
Most of the evidence assembled suggests that Asia will continue to have a fundamental stake to? -
Regional Integration and Global Integration
Regionalism benefit Asia by cooperating in setting exchange rate and macroeconomic policies in order to minimize the effects of global and regional shocks to which facilitates the: -
Resolution of Global Imbalances
Several countries established discriminatory currency blocs with strict exchange of controls against outsiders, thus, far from helping, these arrangements led to: -
Collapse of International Trade and financial flows and Accelerate thedownward spiral of economic activity
Asian leaders have committed to work together more closely and have already taken concrete steps in what area? -
Financial Crisis in 1997/98
The___________ of culture has become a conceptual magnet atracting_______ and theorizing efforts from a variety of disciplines and________________ like Anthropology, Comparative Literature, Cultural Studies, and Geography
globalization
research
interdisciplinary
Interna�onal Rela�ons -
Post Modernism, Realism, Liberalism, Marxism
The idea emerged in the social science literature in the 1980’s, shortly after the concept of globalization.
It is the main physical and geographic playground of the globalizing force.
It means power, sophistication, wealth, and influence.
The ideas and values of the metropolis shape the world.
Characteristics of a Global City
They provide jobs that pay an adequate wage
They are void of discriminatory practices
People have access to educational opportunities and health care
People are not at risk of forced eviction
Global Cities are livable cities
Japanese Mori Foundation’s Global Power City Index which measures the global power of cities.
Economy, Livability, Environment, Accessibility
Downsides of the Global City -
High Costs, Alienation, Impersonality, Social Isolation
Al Qaeda network that was implicated in the attack–though consisting mostly of Saudis–is also actively supported by:
Russia
Religion in Global Conflict -
Identity, Accountability, Security, Ideas
Transnational Religion and Multiple Glocalizations -
Migration of Faith, Transnational Religion, Religious Universalism and Local Particularism, Religion Transnationalism
All these branches look more or less the same
The sameness represents the cultural homogenization
Spaces of affluence in the developing world may mirror the Global North
Spaces of underdevelopment in developed countries may mirror the poverty of the Global South
The Starbucks and the Shanty -
Several reasons explain the analytical shift from cultural imperialism to globalization -
Ideological Competition,
Geo- Political Competition,
Economic Competition,
Analytical and Paradigms of Thoughts
Another perspective on globalization is cultural hybridity or hybridization. This view privileges an understanding of: -
Interface of Globalization,
Localization,
Hybrid Products,
Mixed Tradition and
Cultural Forms
____________refers to a decline in the importance of religion and the supernatural or sacred.
It is also an understood as a shift in the overall frameworks of_________ condition; it makes it possible for people to have a choice between______ and______ in a manner hitherto unknown.
Secularization
human
belief
non-belief
The era of globalization brought many problems and one of which is.
security
_________comprises several powerful countries and centers of economic activity, with many shared economic priorities. At times, these differences are amplified by_________________
Asia
Politics and History
It is said that, the price of cooperation is the loss of some national sovereignty and the narrowing of policy options for pursuing purely national____________
Objectives
Asian countries are increasingly connected through __________________and________________
Financial Transactions
Direct Investment
Asian regionalism benefits the world by creating regional mechanisms to manage and contribute to more effective global solutions to the problems. What are the problems? -
Manage health and safety and Environmental Issus
Asian regionalism can help to sustain global economic progress at a time when other major regions are reaching: -
Economic Maturity
Media and hybridity and because of the theore�cal complexity of the issue which exist in terms of theore�cal understanding and research results points to a middle ground and this posi�on acknowledges that cultures have been in contact for a long �me through: -
Warfare, Trade, Migra�on, Slavery
The concept of hybridiza�on is the product of interdisciplinary work mostly based in: -
Intellectual Projects,
Post Colonialism,
Cultural Studies,
Performance Studies
The global media debate raises the concerns of both groups. - Free flow of____________, Free_________, Lack of balance in___________, Free flow of informa�on_____________
informa�on doctrine
trade
interna�onal media
ideology
The most important contribu�on of cultural imperialism.
Power, Effects, Flows, Processes
Characteris�cs of Northern Hemisphere -
Rich, Industrialized, Wealthy Na�ons, Capitalist Na�ons
The idea emerged in the social science literature in the 1980’s, shortly after the concept of globalization.
It is the main physical and geographic playground of the globalizing force.
It means power, sophistication, wealth, and influence.
The ideas and values of the metropolis shape the world.
Characteristics of a Global City –
They provide jobs that pay an adequate wage
They are void of discriminatory practices
People have access to educational opportunities and health care
People are not at risk of forced eviction
Global Cities are livable cities: -
Downsides of the Global City -
High Costs,
Alienation,
Impersonality,
Social Isolation
Transnational Religion and Multiple Glocalizations -
Migration of Faith,
Transnational Religion,
Religious Universalism
and Local Particularism,
Religion Transnationalism
A dynamic and outward-looking Asian regionalism could bring huge benefits not just to Asia, but to the world. It could help: -
Sustain the region’s growth,
Stability,
Right Policies,
Reduce Inequality
One of the most influential voices in the debate about cultural hybridity is Argentinean Mexican cultural critic Nestor Garcia-Candini. His analysis is both broad and incisive, covering a variety of cultural processes and institutions: -
Museums, Television, Communication, Universities
Mixing previously separate cultural systems
Mixing the elite art of opera with popular music
Hybridity is the deterritorialization of cultural processes
Impure cultural genres that are formed out of the mixture of several cultural domains
According to Garcia-Candini, the main features of cultural hybridity:
During the_____________ migration of faith across the globe became a major feature.
20th century
During the_______________ the transnational religion emerged.
Post World War II
__________should not be considered surprising when it enters the picture in times of crisis?
Religion
During the era of globalization the following enormous problems namely,__________, accountability and__________ occur
identity
security
_________provides answers to the problems brought by era of globalization, and one of which is_____________ religious leadership provides a sense of_____________
Religion
Traditional
accountability
In the Role of Religion Osama bin laden established Al QaedaAccording to the Role of religion, It has provided that the metaphor of cosmic war, an image of spiritual struggle that every religion has within its repository of symbols —-
in this statement the meaning of repository symbol is The fight between good
and bad, truth and evil
What attack was conducted by Al-Qaida which was considered very religious and was meant to be catastrophic and an act of biblical proportions?
Attack on the World trade Center
Based on the observation of a French sociologist,________________, our public life is shaped by_____________ as much as by institutions. For this reason, symbolic acts– the “______________”–help to demarcate public
space and indicate what is meaningful in the social world.
Pierre Bourdieu
symbols
rites of institution
No single_________, including the United Nations, possesses the__________ capability and___________- gathering capacities to deal with worldwide terrorism. Instead,___________ of nations have been formed to handle the information-sharing and joint operations required to deal with forces of violence on
international scale
entity
military
intelligence
consortia
_____________News Channel news channel covered the Al-Qaida attack on World Trade Center?
Al Jazeera
__________religious movements around the world has its own distinctive culture and history, but three things in common were observed regarding their attitudes towards religion in society. One of which is__________ religious movements refuse to observe the boundaries that secular society has set around religion
Violent
Radical
How could religion be related to such vicious acts of political violence? was the first question raised regarding the involvement of religion in the acts of_________
terrorism
Under the Role of religion, Religious activists are the puzzling____________ in the secular world
anomalies
_________of Religion has given bin_______ cadres the moral legitimacy of employing violence in their assault on the very symbol of global economic power
Authority
Laden’s
Religious terrorism was conveyed from the attack on the_____________
World Trade Center
Under the Role of Religion, what was the main objective of the terrorists in the World Trade Center attack? Meant to make a powerful impact on the public____________
consciousness
era of globalization brought with it three (3) enormous problems, namely:________, ________and________. These problems were provided with answers by religion
Identity
Accountability
Security
The idea about global_______ emerged in the social science literature in the 1980’s, shortly after the concept of_____________.
cities
globalization
Global City has a central place in understanding___________ spa�al paterns of globaliza�on
contemporary
Japanese Mori Founda�on’s Global Power City Index
It measures the global power of ci�es using the combina�on of six (6) criteria:
Economy
Research and Development
Cultural Interac�on
Livability
Environment
Accessibility
London, the No. 1 city in the comprehensive ranking for the sixth year in a row, further extends its lead over the compe��on by improving its scores for such indicators as GDP Growth Rate and Level of Poli�cal, Economic and Business Risk in__________, and for Atrac�veness of Dining Op�ons and Number of Visitors from Abroad in_________________
Economy
Cultural Interac�on.
New York (No. 2) increases its scores for the___________ indicators of Nominal GDP and GDP Growth Rate, but fails to make any significant headway in comprehensive score, having returned weaker scores this year in______________ indicators such as Number of World-Class Cultural Events Held and______________ indicators like Variety of Retail Shops.
Economy
Cultural Interac�on
Livability
Tokyo claimed the No. 3 ranking for the first �me last year and closes the gap on New York (No. 2) this year. This is a result of the American city’s score stalling while Tokyo con�nues to improve every year in the ____________indicator of Number of Visitors from Abroad. However, Japan’s capital city slips from No. 1 to No. 4 in____________ due to weaker scores in “Market Size” and Market Atrac�veness.
Cultural Interac�on
Economy
