Prelims Flashcards
A set of rules, regulations, guidines, directives and development/promotion objectives and strategies that provides frameworks within which collective as well as individual decisions
Tourism Policy
An output of the tourism planning process
Tourism plan
Gathering and evaluating information to identify and prioritize current tourism development issues
Tourism Planning
Imagining a desired future state of tourism in the destination
Tourism planninh
Choosing from a number of alternatives for achieveminh them
Tourism Planning
Tourism Planning involves
Situational Analysis
B. Mission, vision, objectives
C. Strategies
TRREC
Tourism Recreation Research and Education Centre
Desired future state of the destination
Vision
Broad-based target for tourism
Goals
Targets that are specific, measurable, attainable, realistic and time bound
Objectives
The method by which objectives will be achieved
Strategies
Tourism Planning Dimensions
Level
Time Frame
Scope
International, national, regional, provincial, municipality/city, site
Levels
Short term, medium, long term
Time Frame
Comprehensive in scope
Scope
Composed of smaller plans
Master Plan
Also called as tourism developmeny unit
Spatial Units
DOT-JICA
Department of Tourism-Japan International Cooperation Agency
The DOT-JICA and the UNESCO provide the following spacial concepts
Tourist Site Tourism Development Area Tourism Cluster Tourism Circuit Tourism Corridor Tourism Destination
An area that contains one or more tourist attraction
Tourism Site
Tourist Attractions
Geographical-lanscape-aesthetic
Ecological-biological
Cultural-historical
Recreational
An area designated for possessing an important site or groups of tourist site
Tourism Development Area TDA
Composed of two or more tda’s ntdp
Tourism Cluster
5 TDA’s
Northern Cebu-Bantayan-Malapascua Metro Cebu- Mactan- Olango Island Southern Cebu Negros Oriental Dumaguete-Siquijor Tagbilaran- Panglao Island
Defined as route involving at least three major tourist destination which are located in different towns, villages, or cities and the destinations share common characteristics or themes
Tourism Circuit
Refers to route defined by a theme spanning several countries or even continents
Tourism Corridor
Physical space in which a visitor spends at least one over night
Tourism Destination
2 tourism theories
Advocacy and Cautionary
Support theories— government, private
Advocacy Theories
Warning
Cautionary Theories
Under Advocacy Theory
Laissez Faire
Modernization
Trickle Down
Neo-liberal
More on business
‘Leave it be’
Laissez Faire Theory
Known as liberal economic theory
Laissez Faire
Assumes that tourism contributes to be economic progrss and transformation of ‘traditional’ societies into modern ones
Modernization Theory
Government involve— assumes that any form of economic growth will lead to the improvement of the living conditions of all
Multiplier effect
Trickle-down theory
Private owners—posits that economy fuctions bet when there is minimal government intervention
Neo-liberal Theory
Accepts the idea of government regulation but rejects government competing with the private sector of being a business operator itself
Neo-liberal theory
Under Cautionary Theory
Dependency Theory
Irridex Model
Helps to increase the economy
Dependency Approach
States that tourism can actually worsen the plight of ‘Third World’ countries because the ‘first world’ countries exploit as siphon off the resources of the latter
Dependency Theory
Irridex Model other term
Doxey’s irritation index model
Theory about the social impacts of tourism.
Irridex Model
States that residents’ attitude toward tourism will deteriorate over the destination life cycle a the negative consequences of tourism intensify
Irridex Model
Approaches to tourism planning
No Planning Ad-hoc Planning Intergrated tourism planning Boosterism Approach Product-led Development Spatial Planning Demanad-Led Approach Bureaucratic/Government-led Approach Middle Path Approach Environmental Approach Ecotourism Approach Community-Based Tourism Social Approach Participatory/Stakeholder Approach Pro-poor Approach Sustainable Tourism Approach
Planning may not be seen as necessary when the place has underdeveloped supply and demand or where visitation rates are so small as to not perceive any impact form it
No Planning
Not necessary, no plan to develop as a destination
No planning
Planning as only need arises
Ad-hoc Planning
Related to issue-based planning, which is planning driven by issues that emerged from time to time and search for solutions to those issues (dredge and Jenkins 2001)
Ad-hoc planning
Tourism is developed and planned as an integrated system within itself as part of an overall tourism plan and total development patterns in an area (chainsawat n.d)
Integrated Tourism Planning
Positive force for economic development. Its primary goal is to maximize tourism revenues through mass tourism
Boosterism Approach
‘Built it, they come’
It suggest that the key to successful tourism program is to provide infrastructure, facilities and amenities to tourist
Product-led development
Development first before tourist come
Product-Led Development
Focuses on ‘destination lay-out and design’ and breaks down tourism into spatial unit such ad gateways, communities, access routr and attraction complexes
Spatial Planning
Know the customer and satisfy them
Demand-Led Approach
Puts government at the center of planning and development
Bureaucratic/Government-Led Approach
Government may use various types of policy instruments to promote tourism
Advocacy
Money
Action
Laws
Types of Bureaucratic
Central Planning Approach - DOT
Development Planning Approach - step by step
The opposite of boosterism is low volume, high yield tourism which SCHEYVENS (2007) called
Middle Path Approach (Bhutan Model)
Strict controls are imposed on the types and volume of tourism to maximize revenue but minimize the adverse effect of tourism religion, culture and environment
Middle Path Approach
Works best when the place being considered for tourism developmeny is endowed with natural attractions of outstanding beauty, remote, beyond the reach of commercial electric and water services, or protected by laws,
Environmental Approach
Defined by the DOT (2002) as a form of sustainable tourism within a natural and cultural heritage area where community participation, protection, practices, environmental education and ethics, as well ad economic benefits are fostered
Ecotourism Approach
A tourism that is owned and/or managed by communities and intended to deliver wider community groups
Community-based Approach
Emphasize the role of stakeholders in the tourism planning process
Social Approach
It is concerned with directing the benefits and control of resources toward the community and other vulnerable groups
Social Approach
Puts people at the center of the planning process
Participatory/Stakeholders Approach
Each relevant stakeholder has a say in the deliberation and decision makin process
Participatory/Stakeholders Approach
Tourism that generates net benefits for the poor
Pro-poor Approach
The needs of the poor are prioritized over externally oriented growth imperatives
Pro-poor Approach
Development that meets the needs of the present generation withot compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs
Sustainable Development
Tourism that takes full acount of its current and future economic, social and environmental impacts, addressing the needs of visitors, the industry and the environment and the host
Sustainable tourism
