Prelims Flashcards
variety of life forms on earth is a concept that has evolved in its understanding and importance of over time
biodiversity
philosophers like aristotle and theopratts tools in ancient greece made early classifications of organisms laying the groundwork for understanding the diversity of life
ancient times
many asian cultures viewed biodiversity through the lens of spirituality often attributing a sacred significance to various species and ecosystems
religious and cultural beliefs
as the european explorers ventured into new continents the encountered an astonishing variety of plants animals and ecosystems
the age of exploration 15th to 18th century
introduce the binomial nomenclature system providing a standardized method for classifying and naming organisms
the work of carl linnaeus in the 18th century
fundamentally shifted the understanding of biodiversity by explaining it as a result of natural selection and evolutionary processes
darwin’s theory of evolution 1859
scientist become studying ecosystems and their interdependence of species emphasizing the functional aspect of biodiversity
rise of ecology
led to habitat destruction over exploitation of resources and the extinction of numerous species
rapid industrialization in urbanization
highlighted the impact of pesticides on ecosystems
rachel carson’s silent spring 1962
they were founded to address biodiversity loss
the international union for conservation of nature (iucn) and the world wildlife fund (wwf)
human activities have significantly altered ecosystems leading to what is termed the
sixth mass extinction
they aim to curb biodiversity laws and protect ecosystem
international efforts like the aichi diversity biodiversity targets 2010 to 2020 and the kunming-montreal global biodiversity framework 2022
deals with some places and objects
preservation
environmental impacts of human life
air, water, soil pollution
relation of organisms and their environment
ecology
first try to conserve the nature was carried out by
prophet noah by using ark
introduce the rules of hunting towards bni israel
quran
propose the ethics of conservation
j bard
encompasses the full taxonomic hierarchy and its components from individuals upwards to populations subspecies species family phyla kingdom domain
organism diversity
encompasses the scales from populations through habitats to ecosystem provinces and on up to biomes and biographic realms
ecological diversity
are the large a real units containing geographically distinct species as assemblage and experiencing geographically distinct environmental conditions
ecoregion
the use of natural resources for profit
exploitation
established colleges to teach agriculture and conservation
morrill act of 1862
first national park in the world
1872 yellowstone national park formed
regulates the shipment of illegally killed animals
lacey act 1900
established in 1916, federal agency responsible for the care of the national parks
national park service
first step in protecting migratory birds
1929 migratory bird conservation act
requires people planning on hunting migratory birds to purchase special stamps
1937 migratory bird hunting stamp act
raises money in the form of 11% tax on hunting equipment and ammunition
1937 pittman robertson act
a system of wildlife refuges across the united states, a part of the us fish and wildlife services
1966 wildlife refuge system
identifies and manages rare threatened and endangered species
1973 endangered species act
population is in danger of becoming endangered
threatened
population is endangered of becoming extinct
endangered
ecological value
ecosystem functioning
resilience of ecosystems
food web and balance
economic value
natural resources
tourism
agricultural benefits
cultural and aesthetic value
cultural importance
aesthetic value
health and medicine
medicinal resources
ecosystem services
ethical and moral value
right to exist
intergenerational equity
disrupts ecosystem endangered species and reduce the overall health of the planet
threats to biodiversity
the 10 main threats to biodiversity are
1 habitat destruction and fragmentation
2 climate change
3 pollution
4 overexploitation
5 invasive species
6 disease
7 agricultural practices and land use
8 resource extraction
9 land use change and unsustainable development
10 genetic erosion
