Midterm Flashcards
pre-colonial to spanish period
early indigenous practices
many indigenous filipinos revered certain trees animals and natural features with spiritual beliefs that shape their resource use
cultural beliefs
resource management was centralized and largely dictated by the interest of the colonizers particularly for economic exploitation
colonial era or spanish and american periods
it impose centralized landownership through the encomienda system granting large tracks of land settlers and missionaries
spanish colonial period 1565 to 1898
this colonization introduced more modern and scientific approaches to forest and resource management
american colonial period 1898 to 1946
it mark the start of formal environmental management
bureau of forestry in 1901
the american government designated the first _____ in the philippines including the establishment of the first national park mount apo which would later become a conservation area
forest reserves in 1905
aggressive extraction of timber mining and agricultural led to the degradation of forest cover and biodiversity loss
environmental decline
this period was marked by economic development that often prioritize resource exploitation over conservation
post independence era 1946 to 1970s
the post independence years saw rapid industrialization and urbanization leading to unsustainable practices in logging mining and agriculture
economic growth and environmental degradation
allowed for the establishment of forest reserves and restricted logging in specific areas
forest law of 1916 or republic act no. 387
paved away for creation of national parks and protected areas
the national park’s law of 1932 or republic act no 483
the period saw the beginning of the countries formal environmental movement
environmental awakening and 1970s to 1980s
it oversee the management of forest mineral resources and environmental protection the creation of this ministry signal growing recognition of the need for a coordinated approach to managing the nation’s resources
ministry of natural resources or mnr
to assess the environmental impact of major projects and established guidelines for sustainable development
philippine environmental impact statement or eis system in 1978
involved in transboundary environmental issues
association of southeast asian nations or asean
establishing the natural integrated protected area system to preserve the country’s most significant natural areas
republic act no 7586 or nipas act
where landmark laws in 1990’s aimed at improving air quality and solid waste management
the clean air act of 1999 or ra 8749 and ecological solid waste management of act of 2000 or ra 9003
this law promotes the responsible use of land and sustainable management of land resources in the country
republic act no 11900 or national land use act
this law enhances the role of the philippine coast guard in and protecting the country’s marine resource and manage environment
republic act no 10635 or philippine coast guard law
this law promotes the practice of organic farming which is an environmentally friendly method of agriculture that conserve soil health reduces chemical usage and preserve biodiversity
republic act no 10068 or organic agriculture act of 2010
slow promotes energy efficiency and conservation to produce energy consumption and minimize environmental impact of energy use
republic act no 11285 or energy efficiency and conservation act
slow recognizes the rights of indigenous peoples over their ancestral lands and natural resources which often include forest rivers and other vital ecosystems
republic act no 8371 or indigenous people rights act (ipra) of 1997
this law regulates the use conservation and management of the country’s fisheries and aquatic resources
republic act no 8550 or the fisher’s code of the philippines in 1998
this law integrates environmental conservation into disaster risk management by reducing the impact of natural disasters which are often exacerbated by environmental degradation
republic act no 10121 or philippine disaster risk reduction and management act of 2010
this law amends the original fishers code of 1998 to promote sustainable fisheries management and protect marine resources
republic act no 10654 or amendments to the fisheries code of 1998
aims to improve our quality by reducing air pollution by from various resources such as industries vehicles and agricultural activities
republic act no 8749 or philippine clean air act of 1999
law six to conserve the philippines wildlife and their habitats especially endangered species
republic act no 9147 or wildlife resources conservation and protection act of 2001
this includes machinery infrastructure and technology that help in the production of goods and services
capital resources
the government controls allocation of resources where the system aims to ensure equitable distribution but can sometimes lead to inefficiencies and misalucation
planned economy
with both market driven and government regulated aspects the government may intervene to regulate resource use protect the environment or provide public goods
mixed economy
over reliance on resource extraction hinders the development of other industries leading to economic instability
resource curse
