PRELIMS Flashcards
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Other name for Biological Psychology
Behavioral Neuroscience
What is the function of the brain?
Support movement (e.g., speech and communcation)
Research in Neuroscience
perceptual processes, control movements, sleep and walking, reproductive behaviors, injective behaviors, emotional behaviors, learning and language
Surgical records of head injuries and the oldest surviving descriptions of the brain, cerebrospinal fluid, meninges, and skull (Papyrus scroll)
1700 BCE
“Heart is considered as the seat of thought and emotions” - ancient Egyptian, Indian, and Chinese culture
“NO IT IS THE BRAIN” -Hippocrates
460-370 BCE
Aristotle thought that the brain cools the passions of the heart
460-370 BCE
“Human body as a machine”
Rene Descartes 17th Cemtury
Galen dissected and studied the brains of cattle, sheep, pigs, cats, dogs, weasels, monkeys, and apes
130-200 BCE
Reflexes as automatic and involuntary actions
Rene Descartes 17th Century
Frog experiment
Luigi Galvani 17th Century
Refuted Descartes
Luigi Galvani 17th Century
Doctrine of specific energies
Johannes Muller 19th Century
An electrical impulse we perceive the messages of different nerve in different ways.
ex: optic nerve = image,
auditory nerve = sound
Johannes Muller 19th Century
Experimental Ablation
Pierre Flourence 19th Century
Broca’s Area
Paul Broca 19th Century
Removed various parts of animals brain and observe their behavior of what they can and cannot do anymore.
Pierre Flourence 19th Century
Applied experimental ablation
Paul Broca 19th Century
Primary Motor Cortex (Controls behavior)
Gustav Fritsch and Eduard Hitzig 19th Century
Mathematical formulation of the law of conservation of energy
Hermann Von Helmholtz 19th Century
-Applied Luigi Galvani’s electricity experiment.
-Used dog’s brain
Gustav Fritsch and Eduard Hitzig 19th Century
Opthalmoscope
Hermann Von Helmholtz 19th Century
Stimulation of different portions in a specific brain region causes contraction to a specific muscle on the opposite side of the body.
Gustav Fritsch and Eduard Hitzig 19th Century
Purkinje fibers
-in the cardiac cells
-responsible for contractions of the heart
Jan Purkinje 19th Century
Theory of color vision and color blindless
Hermann Von Helmholtz 19th Century
Studied audition, music, and many physiological processes
Hermann Von Helmholtz 19th Century
Individuality of fingerprints
Jan Purkinje 19th Century
Structure of the nervous system (Nobel Prize)
Ramon Santiago y Cajal 19th Century
-New brain-based treatments
-Optogenetics
-Contributions to brain-based treatments for disorders
Contemporary Research
Examined the neurons using the Golgi staining technique
Ramon Santiago y Cajal 19th Century
Formulated the principles of Natural Selection and Evolution
Charles Darwin
Proposed that the nervous system consists of billions of discrete, individual neurons
Ramon Santiago y Cajal 19th Century
Three Kinds of evidences for Charles Darwin’s theory
-Documented the evolution of fossils record
-Striking structural similarities
-Galapagos island’s finches
Most influential theory in biological science
Charles Darwin
Why do we evolve?
-Survival
-Ability to find food
-Social Dominance
-Courtship Display
Father of Psychology?
Wilhelm Wundt
What is the goal of research?
To explain a phenomena
2 Approaches
Dualism and Monism
Dualism
-Belief in the dual nature of reality
-Mind and body separate
explanations as examples of general laws, which are revealed through experiments
Generalization
Explanations of complex phenomena in terms of simpler ones
keyword: Observation
Reduction
Monism
-Belief that everyday in the universe consists of matter and energy
