Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychiatry in Rehabilitation Practice > Prelims > Flashcards

Prelims Flashcards

1
Q

T or F
mood can Influence a person’s behavior and perception of the world

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Pervasive and sustained
* Feeling tone that is expressed internally

A

Mood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Types of Mood Disorders

A

Major depressive disorder/unipolar depression
Bipolar disorder
Cyclothymia and dysthymia
Hypomania

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

both manic and depressive
episodes or patients with manic episodes alone

A

Bipolar disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

episode of manic symptoms that
does not meet the criteria for manic episode

A

Hypomania

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

as disorders that
represent less severe forms of bipolar disorder
and major depression, respectively.

A

Cyclothymia and dysthymia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Major ___episode:
* occurs without a history of a manic, mixed, or hypomanic episode
* must last at least 2 weeks

A

Depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Characteristics of?
-changes in appetite and weight
- changes in sleep and activity
- lack of energy
- feelings of guilt
- problems thinking and making decisions
- recurring thoughts of death or suicide.

A

Depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

is a distinct period of an abnormally and
persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood
lasting for at least 1 week (or less)

A

Mania

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Characteristics of?
A hypomanic episode:

A
  • lasts at least 4 days
  • similar to a manic episode
  • except that it is not sufficiently severe to cause impairment in social or occupational functioning
  • no psychotic features are present.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

T or F
Manic and hypomanic are both associated with:
* inflated self-esteem
* decreased need for sleep
* Distractibility
* great physical and mental activity
* overinvolvement in pleasurable behavior

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Bipolar I disorder, Mixed Episode, Bipolar II Disorder are types of what disorder?

A

Mania

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

a clinical course of one or more manic episodes and,
sometimes, major depressive episodes.

A

Bipolar I disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

a period of at least 1 week – both a manic episode and a major depressive episode occur almost daily.

A

Mixed Episode

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
  • A variant of bipolar disorder – episodes of major
    depression and hypomania (rather than mania)
A

Bipolar II Disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

at least 2 years of depressed mood
* not sufficiently severe to fit the diagnosis of major depressive episode.

A

Dysthymic disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
  • at least 2 years of frequently occurring
  • hypomanic symptoms cannot fit the diagnosis of manic episode
  • depressive symptoms that cannot fit the diagnosis of major depressive episode.
A

Cyclothymic disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

T or F
* Women
* more likely than men to present a mixed picture
* higher rate of being rapid cyclers, defined as having four or more manic episodes in a 1-year period

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q
  • Of the biogenic amines, ___-and ____are the two neurotransmitters most implicated in the pathophysiology of mood disorders.
A

norepinephrine and serotonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Downregulation or decreased sensitivity of beta-adrenergic
receptors = clinical antidepressant responses

A

Norepinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Depletion of serotonin = precipitate depression, ( suicidal impulses :
CSF - serotonin metabolites and less serotonin uptake sites on platelets)

A

Serotonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

▬ Reduced in depression and increased in mania.

A

Dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Depressive disorders are associated with several immunological abnormalities, including decreased lymphocyte proliferation

A
  • Immunological Disturbance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q
  • CT and MRI Brain
  • abnormal hyperintensities in subcortical regions
  • periventricular regions
  • basal ganglia
  • thalamus.
  • Most common in bipolar I disorder
A

Structural and Functional Brain Imaging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

four brain regions in the regulation of normal emotions:

A

prefrontal cortex (PFC)
anterior cingulate:
hippocampus
amygdala

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

learning and memory

A

hippocampus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

: station for processing novel stimuli

A

amygdala

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

ntegration of attentional and emotional inputs =
facilitates control of emotional arousal, particularly when goal attainment
has been thwarted or when novel problems have been encountered

A

anterior cingulate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

representations of goals and appropriate responses to obtain these goals = multiple, conflicting behavioral responses

A

prefrontal cortex (PFC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

= long-lasting changes in the brain’s biology
= alter the functional states of various neurotransmitter and intraneuronal signaling systems
loss of neurons
and an excessive reduction in synaptic contacts.

A

Life Events and Environmental Stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

high risk of undergoing subsequent episodes even without an external stressor.
losing a parent before age 11 – Unemployment
* loss of a spouse

A

Ewan take note

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Persons with certain personality disorders may be at greater risk for depression
What are these disorders?

A

OCD
* Histrionic
* Borderline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

antisocial or paranoid personality disorder can use projection and
other externalizing defense mechanisms to protect themselves from
their inner rage.

A

Personality Factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

T or F
depression can be linked to real or imagined object loss

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

T or F
* Happiness may occur as a single episode or may be recurrent.
* There’s a certain cause that triggers

A

FALSE
* Depression may occur as a single episode or may be recurrent.
* There’s a certain cause that triggers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q
  • Depression may occur as a single episode or may be recurrent.
  • There’s a certain cause that triggers
A
  • Major Depressive Disorder, Single Episode
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q
  • Patients who are experiencing at least a second episode of
    depression
  • DSM-5 requires that distinct episodes of depression be separated
    by at least 2 months during which a patient has no significant
    symptoms of depression.
A

Major Depressive Disorder, Recurrent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q
  • The DSM-5 criteria for a bipolar I disorder requires the presence of a distinct period of abnormal mood lasting at
    least 1 week
A

Bipolar I Disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

characterized by depressive episodes and hypomanic episodes during the course of the disorder

A

Bipolar II Disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

According to DSM-5, patients must be experiencing their first manic episode to meet the diagnostic criteria for bipolar I disorder, single manic
episode.

A

Bipolar I Disorder, Single Manic Episode

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Manic episodes are considered distinct when they are
separated by at least 2 months without significant
symptoms of mania or hypomania.

A

Bipolar I Disorder, Recurrent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

The two basic symptom patterns in mood disorders are

A

Depression and mania.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

T or F
Bipolar I Disorder vs Major Depressive Disorder
* Can’t be differentiated by patient’s history, family history, and future course

A

FALSE
Bipolar I Disorder vs Major Depressive Disorder
* Can be differentiated by patient’s history, family history, and future
course

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Clinical features of depression among Children

A
  • School phobia
  • excessive clinging to parents
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Clinical features of depression among Adolescents

A
  • Poor academic performance
  • substance abuse
  • antisocial behavior
  • sexual promiscuity, truancy, and running away
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Clinical features of depression among Older People

A

may be correlated with low socioeconomic status, the loss of a
spouse, a concurrent physical illness, and social isolation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Response to questions with single words and exhibit delayed responses to questions.

A

Speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

During a speech examination, The examiner may literally have to wait ___ minutes
for a response to a question.

A

2-3 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Depressed patients with delusions or hallucinations are said to have a major depressive episode with psychotic features. Even in the absence of delusions or hallucinations, some clinicians use the term psychotic depression for grossly regressed depressed patientsmute, not bathing, soiling

A

Perceptual Disturbances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Depressed patients customarily have negative views of the world and of themselves including nondelusional ruminations about loss, guilt, suicide, and death.

A

Thought

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

About 10 to 15 percent of all depressed patients commit suicide, and about two-thirds have suicidal ideation.
Some consider killing a person as a result of their
delusional systems

A

Impulse Control

51
Q

T or F
* Manic patients are excited, talkative, sometimes
amusing, and frequently hyperactive.

A

TRUE

52
Q

___ patients cannot be interrupted while they are
speaking. Their speech is often disturbed. As the mania gets more intense, speech becomes louder, more rapid, and difficult to interpret.

A

Manic Patients

53
Q

T or F
* Delusions occur in 75% of manic patients

A

TRUE

54
Q

Impaired judgment is a hallmark of __ patients

A

Manic pt.

55
Q
A
56
Q

T or F
Manic patients are very reliable in their information.

A

FALSE

57
Q
A
57
Q

involves the use of very short pulses of magnetic energy to stimulate nerve cells in the brain.
* It is specifically indicated for the treatment of depression in adult patients who have failed to achieve satisfactory improvement from one prior antidepressant medication at or above the minimal effective dose and duration in the current episode.

A

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

58
Q

T or F
Mania tends to be characterized by a increased need for sleep, but depression can be associated with either hypersomnia or insomnia.

A

FALSE
Mania tends to be characterized by a decreased need for sleep, but depression can be associated with either hypersomnia or insomnia.

59
Q

___deprivation may precipitate mania in patients with bipolar I disorder and temporarily relieve depression in those who have unipolar depression.

A

Sleep

60
Q

ypically involves exposing the affected patient to bright light in the range of 1 ,500 to 1 0,000 lux or more, typically with a light box that sits on a table or desk

A

Phototherapy

61
Q

T or F
Photography has been used to decrease the irritability and diminished functioning associated with shift work.

A

FASLE
* Phototherapy has been used to decrease the irritability
and diminished functioning associated with shift work.

62
Q

T or F
Sleep disorders in geriatric patients have reportedly improved with exposure to bright light during the day

A

TRUE

63
Q
  • Patients with major depressive disorder with atypical features may preferentially respond to treatment with
A

MAOis or SSRis.

64
Q

Treatment of major depressive episodes with psychotic features may require a combination of an antidepressant and an

A

atypical antipsychotic

65
Q

Group of disorders with heterogeneous etiologies, and it includes patients whose clinical presentations, treatment response, and courses of illness vary.
Signs and symptoms are variable and include changes in perception, emotion, cognition, thinking, and behavior

A

Schizophrenia

66
Q

Fundamental Symptoms of Schizophrenia

A
  • Associations
  • Affect
  • Autism
  • Ambivalence
67
Q

may involve pathologic processes, caused by both genetic and environmental
factors, that begin before the brain approaches its adult anatomical state in
adolescence

A

Neurodevelopmental Hypothesis

68
Q

· Nutrition
· Seasonality
· Infection or infectious agents
· Obstetric complications

A

Risk Factors

69
Q

Characterized by preoccupation with one or more delusions or frequent auditory hallucinations

A

PARANOID

70
Q

Typically tense, suspicious, guarded, reserved, and
aggressive

A

PARANOID

71
Q

Associated features: stereotypes,
mannerisms, and waxy flexibility
● Marked disturbance in motor function Stupor, negativism, rigidity, excitement, posturing

A

CATATONIC

72
Q

R a p i d a l t e r a t i o n b e t w e e n
extremes of excitement and
stupor

A

CATATONIC

73
Q

Emotional blunting, social
withdrawal, eccentric behavior,
illogical thinking, and mild
loosening of associations

A

RESIDUAL

74
Q

Delusions or hallucinations are
n e i t h e r p r o m i n e n t n o r
accompanied by strong effect

A

RESIDUAL

75
Q

Marked regression to primitive, disinhibited, and unorganized behavior

A

DISORGANIZED

76
Q

● Often burst into laughter without
any apparent reason

A

DISORGANIZED

77
Q

Frequently, patients who have
schizophrenia cannot be easily fit
into 1 type or another

A

UNDIFFERENTIATED

78
Q

Also termed borderline schizophrenia
● Occasionally shoe peculiar behaviors or thought disorders but do not consistently manifest psychotic symptoms

A

LATENT
SCHIZOPHRENIA

79
Q

Characterized by pain anxiety, panphobia, pan ambivalence, and sometimes chaotic sexuality
● Have free-floating anxiety that rarely subsides
● Currently diagnosed as borderline personality disorder

A

PSEUDONEUROTIC
SCHIZOPHRENIA

80
Q

Dream-like state in which patient
may be deeply perplexed and not
fully oriented in time and space

A

ONEIROID
SCHIZOPHRENIA

81
Q

● Multiple meanings of the term
r e n d e r i t i n e f f e c t u a l i n
communicating information
● Sometimes used as a synonym
for Paranoid schizophrenia

A

PARAPHRENIA

82
Q

Any of the five senses may be affected
● The most common: auditory, with voices that are often threatening, obscene, accusatory, or insulting.

A

Hallucinations

83
Q

Unfounded sensations of altered states in bodily organs.
● a burning sensation in the brain, a pushing sensation in the blood vessels, and a cutting sensation in the bone marrow.
● Bodily distortions

A

Cenesthetic Hallucinations

84
Q

Can occur in schizophrenia patients during active phases, but they can also
occur during the prodromal phases and during periods of remission

A

ILLUSION

85
Q

T or F
Violent behavior (excluding homicide) is common among untreated
schizophrenia patients.

A

TRUE

86
Q

Delusions of a persecutory nature, previous episodes of violence, and
neurological deficits are risk factors for violent or impulsive behavior.

A

TAKE NOTE

87
Q

T or F
Often, suicide in schizophrenia seems to occur “out of the blue,” without
prior warnings or expressions of verbal intent.

A

TRUE

88
Q

T or F
The inability of schizophrenia patients to perceive the prosody of speech or to inflect their own speech can be seen as a neurological symptom of a disorder in the non-dominant parietal lobe

A

TRUE

88
Q

T or F
patients with schizophrenia have an elevated blink rate.
● The elevated blink rate is believed to reflect hyperdopaminergic activity.

A

TRUE

89
Q

T or F
Patients with schizophrenia appear to be more underweight , with lower body mass indexes (BMis) than age- and gender-matched cohorts in the general population

A

FALSE
Patients with schizophrenia appear to be more obese, with higher body mass indexes (BMis) than age- and gender-matched cohorts in the
general population

90
Q

Schizophrenia is associated with an increased risk of____

A

Schizophrenia is associated with an increased risk of type II diabetes
mellitus

91
Q

TREATMENT for schizophrenia includes?

A

Pharmacotherapy
Social skills training
●Family-Oriented Therapies-
Personal Therapy
Dialectical Behavior Therapy
Art Therapy
Cognitive Training

92
Q

In 1933, ___ introduced the term
schizoaffective disorder to refer to a disorder
with symptoms of both schizophrenia and
mood disorders

A

In 1933, Jacob Kasanin introduced the term
schizoaffective disorder to refer to a disorder
with symptoms of both schizophrenia and
mood disorders

93
Q

refer to a disorder with symptoms of both schizophrenia and mood disorders

A

SCHIZOAFFECTIVE
DISORDER

94
Q

Sudden onset and benign course associated with mood symptoms and clouding of consciousness
● Symptoms similar to schizophrenia

A

Schizophreniform Disorder

95
Q

● false fixed beliefs not in keeping with the culture
● among the most interesting of psychiatric symptoms

A

Delusions

96
Q

T or F
Delusions are difficult to treat

A

TRUE

97
Q

The cause of delulu are ?

A

Unknown

98
Q

Classic symptom of delusional disorder
Most frequent forms that are seen by the psychiatrist (together with jealousy type)

A

Persecutory

99
Q

delusions of infidelity; spouse has been unfaithful

A

Conjugal paranoia

100
Q

morbid jealousy that can arise from multiple concerns

A

Othello syndrome

101
Q

Delusion is fixed, unarguable, and presented intensely because the patient is totally
convinced of the physical nature of the disorder.

A

Somatic

102
Q

A clinical syndrome characterized by striking behavioral abnormalities
that may include motoric immobility or excitement, profound negativism,
or echolalia (mimicry of speech) or echopraxia (mimicry of movement).

A

CATATONIA

103
Q

represents a core phenomenon around which considerable psychiatric theory has
been organized

A

ANXIETY

104
Q

! played a central role in psychodynamic theory, as well as in neuroscience-focused
research and various schools of thought heavily influenced by cognitive-behavioral
principles

A

ANXIETY

105
Q

caused by genetic and experiential factors
! abnormal genes
! traumatic life events and stress

A

ANXIETY

106
Q

➢ a diffuse, unpleasant, vague sense of apprehension
➢ accompanied by autonomic symptoms such as headache, perspiration, palpitations, tightness in the chest, mild stomach discomfort, and restlessness
➢ indicated by an inability to sit or stand still for long

A

ANXIETY

107
Q

an acute intense attack of anxiety accompanied by feelings of impending doom

A

PANIC DISORDER

108
Q

characterized by discrete periods of intense fear that can vary from several
attacks during one day to only a few attacks during a year

A

PANIC DISORDER

109
Q

a fear of or anxiety regarding places from which escape might be difficult

A

AGORAPHOBIA

110
Q

it can be the most disabling of the phobias because it can significantly interfere
with a person’s ability to function in work and social situations outside the home

A

AGORAPHOBIA

111
Q

an excessive fear of a specific object, circumstance, or situation

A

SPECIFIC PHOBIA

112
Q

diagnosis of specific phobia requires the development of intense anxiety, even to
the point of panic, when exposed to the feared object

A

! SPECIFIC PHOBIA

113
Q

T or F
persons with social anxiety disorder are fearful of embarrassing themselves in social
situations

A

TRUE

114
Q

excessive anxiety and worry about several events or activities for most days during
at least a 6-month perio

A

GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER

115
Q

associated with somatic symptoms, such as muscle tension, irritability, difficulty
sleeping, and restlessness

A

GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER

116
Q

Two components of experiencing anxiety:

A

! awareness of the physiological sensations (e.g., palpitations and sweating)
! awareness of being nervous or frightened

117
Q

a sudden period of intense fear or apprehension that may last
from minutes to hours

A

PANIC DISORDERS

118
Q

it can occur in mental disorders other than panic disorder,
particularly in specific phobia, social phobia, and PTSD

A

PANIC DISORDERS

119
Q

SIGNS and SYMPTOMS of panic disorders

A

Racing heartbeat or palpitations
! Shortness of breath
! Choking feeling
! Vertigo
! Light headed
! Nausea
! Sweating or chills
! Shaking or trembling
! Changes in mental state
! Numbness/tingling in hands and feet
! Chest pains or tightness
! Fear that you might die

120
Q

tachycardia, palpitations, dyspnea, and sweating are physical factors of?

A

Panic disorders

121
Q
A
121
Q

T or F
key feature of each type of phobia is that fear symptoms occur only in the presence of a specific object

A

TRUE

122
Q
A

Psychiatry in Rehabilitation Practice (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions