PRELIMS Flashcards
Originated from Old French, from Latin Scientia,
from scire ‘know’. A knowledge about or study of
the natural world based on facts learned through
experiments and observation.
Science
According to Famous American Science Historian: “Modern is a discovery of a well as an invention.”
John Heilbron
He considered science as a discovery of regularity in nature, enough for natural phenomena to be described by principles and laws.
John Heilbron
He also explained that science
required invention to devise techniques,
abstractions, apparatuses, and
organizations to describe these natural
regularities and their law-like descriptions.
John Heilbron
According to American computer programmer: “What defines a technological tool—one historical definition—is something that takes a
human’s sense or ability and augments it and makes it more powerful.
Mark Elliot Zuckerberg
One of the world’s most
powerful business leaders, he gave
a revealing answer about how he thinks
about the role of technology.
Mark Elliot Zuckerberg
According to South African-born British developmental biologist: He is an author, and broadcaster. He is recognized for his work on the intracellular positional information that guides cellular development.
Lewis Wolpert
The idea that science is dangerous is deeply embedded in our culture, particularly in literature, yet science provides the best way of understanding the world. Science is not the same as technology.
Lewis Wolpert
According to American astronomer: He was an American astronomer, planetary scientist, cosmologist,
astrophysicist, astrobiologist, author, and science communicator. especially with his public television series Cosmos.
Carl Edward Sagan
“We live in a society absolutely dependent on science and technology and yet have cleverly arranged things so that almost no one understands science and technology. That’s a clear prescription for disaster.”
Carl Edward Sagan
is a relatively new academic field. Its roots lie in the interwar period and continue into the start of the Cold War, when historians and sociologists of science, and scientists themselves, became interested in the relationship between scientific knowledge,
technological systems, and society.
Science and Technology Studies (STS)
is a relatively new academic field. It builds bridges between disciplines that do not ordinarily meet each other in the undergraduate curriculum, such as sociology and science, law and science, anthropology and technology, environmental science and political theory, or technology and philosophy.
Science and Technology Studies (STS)
explores in rich and compelling ways
what difference it makes to human societies that we, collectively, are producers and users of science and technology.
Science and Technology Studies (STS)
Top 10 list of ethical dilemmas in science
and technology
- Helix
- The Robot Priest
- Emotional Sensing Facial Recognition
- Ransomware
- The textalyzer
- Social Credit Systems
- Google Clips
- Sentencing Software
- The rise of robot friendship
- The citizen app
During the growth of the ancient civilizations, ancient technology was the result from advances in engineering in ancient times.
Ancient Period
This section includes the advances in
technology and the development of several engineering sciences in historic times before the Middle Ages, which began after the fall of the Western Roman Empire in AD 476, the
death of Justinian I in the 6th century, the coming of Islam in the 7th century, or the rise of Charlemagne in the 8th century
Ancient Period
Ancient Civilizations
A. Africa
B. Mesopotamia
C. Egypt
D. Greece
E. Ancient China
F. Roman Empire
Verge escapement/mechanical clocks
replaced _________.
hourglasses
The Blast furnace first appeared in
___________ and ____________.
Switzerland and Germany
The wheelbarrow was invented in the _______.
Middle Ages
has a history stretching to the beginning of the human species, stretching back to the first evidence of tool
use by hominid ancestors in the areas of Africa where humans are believed to have
evolved.
Africa
saw the advent of some of the earliest iron working technology in the Aïr
Mountains region of what is today Niger and the erection of some of the world’s oldest monuments, pyramids and towers in Egypt, Nubia, and North Africa.
Africa
In ___________, glazed quartzite and building in brick was developed to a greater extent than in Egypt
Nubia and ancient Kush
saw the creation of the world’s oldest carbon steel creation with high-temperature blast furnaces created by
the Haya people of Tanzania.
African Swahili Coast
is contemporaneous with the evolution of the genus Homo, with the
possible exception of the early, when species prior to Homo may have manufactured tools.
Stone Age
is a historical period that
was characterized by the use of bronze,
in some areas proto-writing, and other
early features of urban civilization.
Bronze age
second principal period
of the three-age Stone-Bronze-Iron
system
Bronze age
the three-age Stone-Bronze-Iron
system, as proposed in modern times by
______________________, for
classifying and studying ancient
societies.
Christian Jürgensen Thomsen
is the final epoch of the three-age division of the prehistory and protohistory of humanity. The concept has been mostly applied to Europe and the Ancient Near East, and, by analogy, also to other parts of the Old World.
Iron Age
They were one of the first Bronze Age people in the world. Early on they used copper, bronze and gold, and later they used iron.
Mesopotamia
were used for armor as well
as for different weapons such as swords,
daggers, spears, and maces.
copper,
bronze, and iron
invented and used many simple
machines, such as the ramp to aid
construction processes.
Egyptian/ Egypt
They were among the first to extract gold by large-scale mining using
fire-setting, and the first recognizable map, the Turin papyrus shows the plan of one such mine in Nubia.
Egypt