prelims Flashcards
study of structures that make up the body and how those structures relate with each other
anatomy
first eeight weeks (human egg)
embryology
cellular structure and functiion
cell biology
microsopic structure of tissue
histology
body structure that do not neeed microscope. example bones muscles skin, digestive organs
gross anatomy
specific system
systemic anatomy
specific region of body
regional anatomy
surface area of the body to understand the internal function of surface body without use og speicla reqquirements
surface anatomy
xray, ctscan, mri
imaging anatomy
associated with diseases
pathological anatomy
studdy of thow the body and its part work or function
physiology
nerve cells function
neurophysiology
hormones how they work in the body
endocrinology
heart and blood vessels
cardiovascular physiology
defense to disease- causing agents
immunology
air passageways / lungs
respiratory physiology
kidney function
renal physiology
changes happens in cell/organs due to muscular activiti
exercise physiology
level where the atoms combines to form moolecules
chemical level
level where cells are madde of molecules
cellular level
level where tissues consist of similar types of cells
tissue level
level where made up of different type of tissues
organ level
level where consist of different organ that work together closely
system level
level where individuals are a whole
organismal level
postmortem examination of the body and dissection of its internal organs to confirm or determine cause of death
autopsy
what are the fuctions controlled by homoestasis mechanisms
blood pressure, body temperature, breathing, heart rate.
the smallest independent units of life
cell
many ssimilar cells that work together perform a specific function.
tissue
tissues are divided in to four groups
epithelial, connective, nervous, muscle tissue
found in the outer layer of kin, lining of organs , blood, and lymph vessels and body cavities
epithelial tissue
connects and supports most part of the body. skin bone and tendons
connective tissue
produces movement through its ability to ccontracct. skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles
muscle tissue
found in brain, spinal cord and nerves. it respond to various types of stimuli and transmits nerve impulses
nerve tiissue
an integrated collection of two or more kinds of tissue that works together to perform specific function
organ
is a group of organs that work together to perform major function
system
is a group of organs that work together to perform major function
system
the various organs of the body form the entire organism
organism level
are universally accepted as the starting points for positiional referencees to the body
body positions/ anatomical position
names given to specific regions of body
regional names
standardized terms of reference are used when anatomists tthe location of the body part
relative directional terms
it is the part of the body near the axis of the body
axial body part
it is the part of the body out the axis line
appendicular body part
it is the part of the body out the axis line
appendicular body part
are imaginary surfaces or planes lines that divide the body in to section
body planes and sections
divides the body into the right and left half unequally
sagittal plane
divide the body into equal left and right halves
mid sagittal plane
divides body into unequal left and right
para sagittal plane
divides tthe body in to the front and back portions
frontal plane
slanted equal divition in the body
oblique
equal upper and lower portiion of the body
transverse plane
The cavities of the body house the internal organs, which commonly referred to as the viscera.
Body Cavities
The two main
body cavities :
larger ventral (anterior)
smaller, dorsal (posterior) body cavity.
constitutes the thoracic cavity and the abdomino-pelvic body cavity
ventral body cavity
a potential space between the layers of the pleura that surrounds a lung
pleural cavity
a potential space between the layers of the pericardium that surrounds the heart
pericardial cavity
central portion of thoracic cavity
mediastinum
contains stomach spleen liver gallbladder smalll intestine and moost of large intestine
abdominal cavity
contains urinary bladder portions of large intestine and internal organs of reproduction
pelvic cavity
extends from the diaphragm inferior to the floor of the pelvis.
Abdomino-pelvic Cavity
houses lung and heart. It is protected by
the rib cage & associated musculature and the sternum anteriorly.
The Thoracic cavity
it constitutes the cephalic cavity containing brain and the vertebral canal containing the
spinal cord.
The dorsal body cavity
It is a branch of science concerned with a study of cells
Cytology: -
when the structure and function are coordinated the body achieves a relative stability of its internal environment
homeostasis
levels of structural organization of the body
chemical
cellular
tissue
organ
organ system
organism
9 sections of abdominal region
- right hypochondriac region
- epigastric region
- left hypochondriac region
- right lumbar region
- left lumbar region
- umbilical region
- right iliac region
- left iliac region
- hypogastric region
it contains the brain
cranial cavity
it contains heart and lungs
thoracic cavity
it contains digestive viscera
abdominal cavity
it contains bladder, reproductive organss and rectum
pelvic
it contains the spinal cord
dorsal body cavity
it contains thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
ventral body
homeostasis cycle??
stimulus
controled condition
receptors
control center
effectors
response
balance (homeostatis)
sections of abdoominopelvic cavity
superior abdominal
inferior pelvic cavity
2 sagittal planes
para sagittl planes
mid sagittal planes
referred as viscera
internal organs
precisely locate one part kf the body
directional terms
imaginary flat surface
planes
