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ANAPHY > midterms > Flashcards

midterms Flashcards

1
Q

are highly organized units But in multicultural organisms, they do not function in isolation

A

cells

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2
Q

cellls work
together in-group of similar cells called

A

tissue

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3
Q

is a group of similar cell and their intercellular substance
that have a similar embryological origin and function together to perform a specialized activity.

A

tissue

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4
Q

A science that
deals with the study of a tissue is

A

histology

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5
Q

covers body surface, lines body cavity & ducts and form glands.

A

epithelial tissue

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6
Q

it forms the outer covering of external body surface and outer covering of some
internal organs. It lines body cavity, interior of respiratory & gastro intestinal tracts, blood vessels & ducts and
make up along with the nervous tissue

A

Covering and lining epithelium:

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7
Q

It is a
tissue from which gametes (egg & sperm) develops.

A

Covering and lining epithelium:

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8
Q

it is specialized for absorption, and
filtration with minimal wear & tear. It is a single layered

A

Simple epithelium

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9
Q

cube shaped

A

Cuboidal:

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10
Q

Those glands that empties their secretion in to ducts/tubes that empty at the surface of covering.

A

Exocrine

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11
Q

They ultimately secret their products into the blood system.

A

Endocrine

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12
Q

is found primarily in the fetus and located in the umbilical cord of the fetus where it supports the cord.

A

Mucous (Wharton’s Jelly) connective tissue

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13
Q

It is differentiated from mesenchyme and does not change after birth. composes
connective tissue proper, cartilage, osseous (bone) & vascular (blood) tissue

A

Adult connective tissue

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14
Q

has a more or less fluid intercellular martial and fibroblast.

A

connective tissue proper

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15
Q

Posses freely branching elastic fibers. They stretch and snap back in to original
shape. They are components of wall of arteries, trachea, bronchial tubes & lungs. It also forms vocal cord.
Elastic connective tissue allows stretching, and provides support & suspension.

A

Elastic connective tissue:

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16
Q

have no blood vessels and nerves. It consists of a dense network of
collagenous fibers and elastic fibers firmly embedded in chondriotin sulfate.

A

cartilages

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17
Q

called gristle, most abundant, blue white in color & able to bear weight.

A

Hyaline cartilage

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18
Q

they are found at the symphysis pubis, in the inter-vertebral discs and knee. It provides support
and protection.

A

Fibro cartilage

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19
Q

the chondrocyte are located in thread like network of elastic fibers. provides strength and elasticity and maintains the shape of certain organs like epiglottis, larynx, external
part of the ear and Eustachian tube.

A

Elastic cartilage

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20
Q

are nerve
cells, sensitive to various stimuli.

A

neurons

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21
Q

are thin pliable layers of epithelial and/or connective tissue.

A

membranes

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22
Q

contains loose connective tissue covered by a layer of mesothelium.

A

Serous membrane (serosa)

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23
Q

Serosa is composed of 2 layers

A

visceral layer
parietal layer

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24
Q

are serous
membrane that line thoracic and heart cavity respectively.

A

Pleura and pericardium

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25
Q

Unlike to other membranes this membrane does not contain epithelium

A

Synovial membrane

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26
Q

consist the skin and its derivatives. These include hair, nails, and several types of
glands.

A

The Integumentary system

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27
Q

s the largest organ in the body occupying almost 2m2 of surface area thickens of 2mm.

A

skin

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28
Q

is the outer layer of the skin that is made of stratified squamous epithelium

A

epidermis

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29
Q

a strong, flexible, connective tissue mesh work of collagen, reticular and elastic fibers. Most
part of the skin is composed of this

A

dermis/ true skin

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30
Q

is next to stratum basale of the epidermis. It
contains loose connective tissue with in the bundles of collagenous fibers.

A

papillary layer

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31
Q

5 Functions of Skin

A

Protection
Temperature regulation:
Synthesis
Excretion:
Sensory reception:

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32
Q

Skin’s color is determined by 3 factors

A
  1. The presence of melanin a dark pigment produced by specialized cell called melanocyte
  2. The accumulation of yellow pigment carotene.
  3. The color of blood reflected through the epidermis
33
Q

main function of melanin

A

screen out excessive ultraviolet rays.

34
Q

Glands of the skin are the

A

sudoriferous and sebaceous glands.

35
Q

Most common
Secretion is mostly water with solutes
Cools body down
are small, simple coiled tubular glands distributed over nearly the entire body, and they are absent
over nail beds, margins of lips of vulva, tips of penis.

A

eccrine glands

36
Q

Develops scent as bacteria metabolize secretion
Stimulated when frightened, during pain, during emotional upset

are odiferous, found at the armpits, in the dark region around nipples, the outer lips of the vulva,
and the anal and genital regions.

A

Apocrine glands

37
Q

are simple branched alveolar glands found in the dermis.

A

Sebaceous (Oil) glands

38
Q

is composed of Keratinized threads of cells, which develops from the epidermis.

39
Q

hair has 2 parts

A

shaft and roots

40
Q

functions of hair

A
  • Insulation against cold in scalp
  • Against glare in eye brows Screen against foreign particles (eye lashes)
  • In the nostrils trap dust particles in the inhaled air
  • Protect openings from foreign particles.
41
Q

is composed of the matrix of
epithelial cells.

42
Q

Scalp hair grows ____per day
(an average scalp contain __ hairs).

A

0.4 m.m
125.000

43
Q

like hair are modifications of the epidermis. They are made of hard keratin.

44
Q

Nail grows __ a week.

45
Q

Epithelial layer covering underneath of the fore-hang nail is

A

hyponychyem.

46
Q

The proximal part of nail is

47
Q
  • a type of skin cancer that affects the
    cells of the stratum basale
A

Basal Cell Carcinoma

48
Q

-form of skin cancer
that arises when
pigment-producing
cells—known as
melanocytes

49
Q
  • is a chronic skin condition caused by an
    overactive immune system that speeds up the
    life cycle of skin cells. Symptoms include
    flaking, inflammation, and thick, white, silvery, or red patches of skin.
50
Q

treatments psoriasis

A

steroid creams, light therapy and
oral medications, de-stress, avoid
smoking/alcohol

51
Q

Functions of Skin

A

Protects from injuries
Acts as barrier and regulates what enters/leaves body.
Regulates body temperature.
Synthesizes, stores vitamins.
Sensory functions

52
Q

3 Major Layers of skin

A

epidermis
dermis
hypodermis

53
Q

Deepest layer mainly made of fat tissue and blood vessels

A

hypodermis

54
Q

hypodermis is also called

A

Subcutaneous

55
Q

Found in Stratum Basale
Produces melanin for protection from UV radiation.
Responsible for skin color.
Melanoma.

A

Melanocyte

56
Q

skin cells in epidermis

A

melanocyte
Keratinocyte

57
Q

mature skin cell. Accumulate keratin (protein) as they move outwards.
They eventually fall or rub off.
They form four distinct layers.

A

Keratinocyte

58
Q

Functions of the skeletal system:

A

support
protection
movement
sstorage
blood cell formation

59
Q

is specialized connective tissue that has the strength of cast iron and lightness of pinewood.

60
Q

Lowest epidermal layer, near dermis
Good nutrient supply
Reproduces by mitosis
Cuboidal, columnar in shape
Moves to upper epidermis in 27 days.

A

stratum basale

61
Q

Living cells
Dividing
8-10 cells thick
Polygonal in appearance

A

Stratum Spinosum

62
Q

Poor nutrient supply.
Flatten layer of cells.
3-5 cells thick.
No cell division.
Keratin accumulates

A

Stratus Granulosum

63
Q

Found only in very thick skin.
Translucent.
Highly keratinized.
Dead cells

64
Q

25-30 cells thick.
Cells are filled with keratin and hardened.
Sloughed off constantly.
Outer most layer of epidermis.

A

Stratum Corneum

65
Q
  • Associated with follicle
  • Secretes an oily substance called sebum
A

Sebaceous Gland

66
Q

Produces water, salts
Respond to temperature
Respond to pain, emotions

A

sweat gland

67
Q

are called long as its length is greater than its width.
- The most obvious long bones are in the arm and leg.
- They act as levers that pulled by contraction of muscles.

68
Q

are about equal in length, width and thickness, which are shaped with regular orientation. They occur in
the wrist and ankl

A

short bones

69
Q

are thin or curved more often they are flat. This includes ribs, scapulae, sternum and bone of cranium.

A

flat bones

70
Q

they do not fit neatly into any other category.
- Examples are the vertebral, facial, and hipbon

A

irregular bones

71
Q

are small bones embedded within certain tendons, the fibrous cord that connects muscle to bones.
- Typical sesamoid bones are patella and pisiform carpal bone, which are in the tendon of quadriceps femuris
and flexor carp ulnaris muscle respectively.

A

sesamoid bones

72
Q

are most commonly found in the feet.
- They usually occur in the developing bone and do not fuse completely
- They look like extra bones or broken on X-ray
- Sutural (wormian) bones are examples of accessory bones

A

accessory bones

73
Q

Sensory Structures of Dermis Deep touch/pressure:

A

Pacinian corpuscles

74
Q

Sensory Structures of Dermis Light touch/pressure

A

Meisner’s corpuscles

75
Q

Sensory Structures of Dermis Warm temperature: Cold temperature pain

A

free nerve ending

76
Q

is composed of cells embedded in a matrix of ground substances and fibers.

A

bone tissue

77
Q

forms the outer sheet of a bone. It is very hard and dense.

A

compact bone tissue

78
Q

is in the form of an open interlaced pattern that withstands maximum stress
and supports in shifting stress.

A

spongy bone

ANAPHY (3 decks)

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