Preliminary Process Theory Flashcards

1
Q

What is Preliminary Process Theory?

A

It attempts to give a coherent account of the observed fractionation of orienting reflex components.

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2
Q

What are the three defining characteristics of the orienting response (OR)?

A
  • Response decrements to repeated presentation of stimulus
  • Response recovery to a changed stimulus (rules and fatigue and recovery processes
  • Subsequent dishabituation to re-presentation of habituated stimulus
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3
Q

Compare Sokolov’s Neuronal Model Theory and the Dual Process Theory.

A

Sokolov’s neuronal model

  • Stimulus-repetition results in neuronal model
  • Discrepancy between stimulus and model results in OR
  • Amplified by tonic OR (arousal)

Groves and Thompson dual process theory

  • Has two preliminary processes: H and S
  • Interaction leads to the PPT
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4
Q

What phenomenon is the OR based on?

A

Pavlov’s ‘What is that’ reflex. Behavioural orienting toward a novel, innocuous stimuli

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5
Q

How did Sokolov expand the OR?

A

He added a range of physiological responses to behavioural orienting, defining the OR with GSC (galvanic skin response), EEG, alpha blocking, respiratory pause, cephalic vasodilation, peripheral vasoconstriction

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6
Q

Who developed the unitary theory of OR and what is it?

A

Sokolov

Stimulus -> OR mechanism -> CVD response, EEG, GSR, PVC - all at one, unitary

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7
Q

What did Barry find in his early exploration of Sokolov’s unitary OR?

A

Barry used different measures to explore the OR. Found fractionation with stimulus variation - not a unitary response. He then tried to conceptualise the response fractionation

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8
Q

What were the findings regarding habituation, dishabituation, and intensity effect for:

  • EDA
  • Respiratory response
  • Peripheral vasoconstriction
  • HR deceleration
A

EDA: habituated, dishabituated, intensity effect found
RR: habituation, no dishabituation, no intensity effect
PVC: no habituation, intensity effect shown
HR deceleration: no habituation, no intensity effect

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9
Q

What remained consistent between Sokolov’s unitary OR and Barry’s more recent studies?

A

The functionality of the OR - it is still a ‘what is it’ response

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10
Q

List the preliminary processes that generates the OR?

A

Stimulus register -> Novelty register (RP, EEG) -> Magnitude register (PVC) ->OR

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11
Q

Why can the neuronal model posted by Sokolov not be applied to the PPT?

A

The neuronal model only accommodates one measure (the OR). PPT has three preliminary processes and then the OR.

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12
Q

How does a significant stimulus impact on the OR and habituation?

A

Sokolov - OR enhanced to significant stimuli with slower habituation
This concept was also later confirmed by Barry

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13
Q

Explain Maltzman’s voluntary and involuntary distinction with regards to the OR.

A

Involuntary - simple reflexive OR to indifferent stimuli

Voluntary - processing enhanced by cortical set

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