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CONTEMPORARY WORLD > PRELIMINARY EXAM > Flashcards

PRELIMINARY EXAM Flashcards

1
Q

To journalists, it refers to the integration of national markets into global markets, often associated with increased free trade.

A

Globalization

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2
Q

An agreement between two or more nations to reduce barriers to imports and exports among them.

A

Free Trade

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3
Q

Whose perspective that used as an interdisciplinary approach to define Globalization process as the expansion and intensification of social relations.

A

Manfred Steger

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4
Q

Refers to both the creation of new social networks & the multiplication of existing connections that cut across traditional borders.

A

Expansion

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5
Q

Refers to the expansion, stretching, and acceleration of these networks.

A

Intensification

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6
Q

Globalization occur on multiple and interesting dimensions of integrations called what?

A

Scapes (Flow)

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7
Q

Who posits that Globalization occur on intersecting dimensions called “scapes”?

A

Arjun Apparudai

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8
Q

Refers to the global movement of people

A

Ethnoscape

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9
Q

about the flow of culture or media

A

Mediascape

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10
Q

Refers to the circulation of mechanical goods and software.

A

Technoscape

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11
Q

Denotes the global circulation of money.

A

Financescape

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12
Q

Realm where political ideas move around.

A

Ideoscape

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13
Q

According to Steger, it is an ideology, a widespread belief among powerful people that the global integration of economic markets is beneficial for everyone.

A

Globalism

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14
Q

A complicated, intersecting, confusing process.

A

Globalization

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15
Q

Criticisms are geared towards the manifestation of what?

A

Globalism

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16
Q

According to IMF, a historical process representing the result of human innovation and technological progress.

A

Economic Globalization

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17
Q

The first indicator of economic globalization.

A

Increase of GDP

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18
Q

2nd indicator of Economic Globalization

A

Investments are moving all around the World

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19
Q

3rd indicator of Economic Globalization

A

speed and frequency of trading

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20
Q

When did full economic globalization begin?

A

Galleon Trade, 1571

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21
Q

It connected Manila to Acapulco, Mexico. The first time the Americas were connected to Asian trading routes.

A

Galleon Trade

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22
Q

System of global trade with multiple restrictions (such as imposition of high tariffs and etc.)

A

Age of Mercantilism

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23
Q

It seeks to create a global economic system that would ensure a longer-lasting global peace.

A

Bretton Wood System

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24
Q

Who influenced the creation of Bretton Wood System?

A

Maynard Keynes

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25
Q

He believes that economic crises occur not when a country does not have enough money, but when money is not being spent.

A

John Maynard Keynes

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26
Q

Two financial systems created by The Bretton Wood Sytems:

A

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank) & International Monetary Fund (IMF)

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27
Q

Shortly after Bretton, countries commit to ______, which aims to reduce tariffs and other hindrances to free trade.

A

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

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28
Q

A form of economic thinking where governments poured money into their economies, allowing people to purchase more, and in the process increase demand for these products.

A

Neoliberalism

29
Q

Advocates for the minimal government spending to reduce government debt, privatization of government controlled services, and reduction of tariffs

A

Washington Consensus

30
Q

Actors that facilitate economic globalization:

A

Government, market, MNC, IO

31
Q

A structure that allows buyers and sellers to exchange any type of goods, services, and information.

A

The Market

32
Q

A firm that has the power to coordinate and control operations in more than two countries.

A

Multinational Corporation (MNC)

33
Q

According to Ian Hurd, they provide tools and resources by which countries try to advance their interests in world politics and economy.

A

International Organizations (IOs)

34
Q

Term used by academics, refers to a country and its government.

A

Nation-State

35
Q

A group that is linked through common descent, culture, language or territorial contiguity.

A

Nation

36
Q

A community of people permanently occupying a definite proportion of territory, having a government of their own, and enjoying sovereignty.

A

State

37
Q

It is where individuals negotiate, argue, struggle against, or agree with each other. You and I are part of this.

A

Civil Society

38
Q

A dynamic nongovernmental system of interconnected socio-economic institutions that link the whole earth.

A

Global Civil Society

39
Q

International not-for-profit organizations that perform public functions but are not established or run by nation-states.

A

International Nongovernmental Organizations (INGOs)

40
Q

An entity created by treaty, involving 2 or more nations, to work in good faith, on issues of common interest.

A

International Governmental Organizations (IGOs)

41
Q

UN is called a _______ because all countries are allowed membership.

A

Global Organization

42
Q

If an organization has expertise on a wide variety of topics it is called ______.

A

general IGO

43
Q

Organizations that limit their membership to states within the designated regions.

A

regional IGO

44
Q

They base their membership on criteria other than geography. Ex: The Organization of the Islamic Conference (OECD) and Organization of Petroleum Exporting Country (OPEC).

A

Selective organization

45
Q

_______ IGOs, such as NATO, limit their activities to a particular field.

A

Specialized IGO

46
Q

Refers to the political, military, and other diplomatic engagements between two or more countries.

A

International Relations

47
Q

The phenomenon which exhibits the deepening of the political, military, and other diplomatic engagements between 2 or more countries.

A

Internationalization

48
Q

It is said to be the modern day concept of sovereignty.

A

Treaty of Westphalia

49
Q

The power of the state to rule within its territory.

A

Internal Sovereignty

50
Q

The freedom of the state of the state to carry out its activities without subjection to or control by other states.

A

External Sovereignty

51
Q

When was the Treaty of Westphalia created?
To end what?

A

1648
To end the 30 years war between the major continental powers in Europe.

52
Q

Who challenged the Treaty of Westphalia by spreading the French Revolution principles?

A

Napoleon Bonaparte

53
Q

What are the French Revolution principles?

A

liberty, equality, and fraternity.

54
Q

The Napoleonic Code

A
  1. Prohibition of Birth Privileges
  2. Encouragenent of Religious Freedom
  3. Promotion of Meritocracy
55
Q

The defeat of Napoleon resulted to the restoration of the Westphalian system and gave birth to __________ or the alliance of Great Powers.

A

Concert of Europe

56
Q

It is a system of heightened interaction between various sovereign states, particularly the desire for greater cooperation and unity among states.

A

Internationalism

57
Q

Citizens of other contries must give up some freedom and establish a continuously growing state

A

Liberal Internationalism

58
Q

Rejects nationalism

A

Socialist Internationalism

59
Q

Owners of factories, companies, and other means of production.

A

Capitalist Class

60
Q

Those who do not own the means of production or the workers.

A

Proletariat Class

61
Q

When was the creation of United Nations?

A

After World War II

62
Q

Who was influenced by Mazzini who became an advocate of the League of Nations (which gave birth to WHO and ILO) at the end of World War I?

A

US President Woodrow Wilson

63
Q

The process where states in an international order continue to adhere to certain global norms despite the lack of a single government.

A

Global Governance

64
Q

When and where was the UN created?

A

During San Francisco Conference at the United States from April 25 - June 26, 1945.

65
Q

The main deliberative policymaking and representative organ.

A

The General Assembly

66
Q

Considered by many to be the most powerful organ. The P5 ( China, France, Russia, UK and USA)

A

The Security Council

67
Q

Principal body for coordination, policy review, dialogue and recommendations on social issues.

A

The Economic and Social Council

68
Q

Its task is to settle inter-state legal disputes with the consent of both parties.

A

The International Court of Justice

69
Q

It is bureaucracy of the UN, serving as a kind of international civil service.

A

The Secretariat

CONTEMPORARY WORLD (3 decks)

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