PRELIMINARY EXAM Flashcards
To journalists, it refers to the integration of national markets into global markets, often associated with increased free trade.
Globalization
An agreement between two or more nations to reduce barriers to imports and exports among them.
Free Trade
Whose perspective that used as an interdisciplinary approach to define Globalization process as the expansion and intensification of social relations.
Manfred Steger
Refers to both the creation of new social networks & the multiplication of existing connections that cut across traditional borders.
Expansion
Refers to the expansion, stretching, and acceleration of these networks.
Intensification
Globalization occur on multiple and interesting dimensions of integrations called what?
Scapes (Flow)
Who posits that Globalization occur on intersecting dimensions called “scapes”?
Arjun Apparudai
Refers to the global movement of people
Ethnoscape
about the flow of culture or media
Mediascape
Refers to the circulation of mechanical goods and software.
Technoscape
Denotes the global circulation of money.
Financescape
Realm where political ideas move around.
Ideoscape
According to Steger, it is an ideology, a widespread belief among powerful people that the global integration of economic markets is beneficial for everyone.
Globalism
A complicated, intersecting, confusing process.
Globalization
Criticisms are geared towards the manifestation of what?
Globalism
According to IMF, a historical process representing the result of human innovation and technological progress.
Economic Globalization
The first indicator of economic globalization.
Increase of GDP
2nd indicator of Economic Globalization
Investments are moving all around the World
3rd indicator of Economic Globalization
speed and frequency of trading
When did full economic globalization begin?
Galleon Trade, 1571
It connected Manila to Acapulco, Mexico. The first time the Americas were connected to Asian trading routes.
Galleon Trade
System of global trade with multiple restrictions (such as imposition of high tariffs and etc.)
Age of Mercantilism
It seeks to create a global economic system that would ensure a longer-lasting global peace.
Bretton Wood System
Who influenced the creation of Bretton Wood System?
Maynard Keynes
He believes that economic crises occur not when a country does not have enough money, but when money is not being spent.
John Maynard Keynes
Two financial systems created by The Bretton Wood Sytems:
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank) & International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Shortly after Bretton, countries commit to ______, which aims to reduce tariffs and other hindrances to free trade.
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
A form of economic thinking where governments poured money into their economies, allowing people to purchase more, and in the process increase demand for these products.
Neoliberalism
Advocates for the minimal government spending to reduce government debt, privatization of government controlled services, and reduction of tariffs
Washington Consensus
Actors that facilitate economic globalization:
Government, market, MNC, IO
A structure that allows buyers and sellers to exchange any type of goods, services, and information.
The Market
A firm that has the power to coordinate and control operations in more than two countries.
Multinational Corporation (MNC)
According to Ian Hurd, they provide tools and resources by which countries try to advance their interests in world politics and economy.
International Organizations (IOs)
Term used by academics, refers to a country and its government.
Nation-State
A group that is linked through common descent, culture, language or territorial contiguity.
Nation
A community of people permanently occupying a definite proportion of territory, having a government of their own, and enjoying sovereignty.
State
It is where individuals negotiate, argue, struggle against, or agree with each other. You and I are part of this.
Civil Society
A dynamic nongovernmental system of interconnected socio-economic institutions that link the whole earth.
Global Civil Society
International not-for-profit organizations that perform public functions but are not established or run by nation-states.
International Nongovernmental Organizations (INGOs)
An entity created by treaty, involving 2 or more nations, to work in good faith, on issues of common interest.
International Governmental Organizations (IGOs)
UN is called a _______ because all countries are allowed membership.
Global Organization
If an organization has expertise on a wide variety of topics it is called ______.
general IGO
Organizations that limit their membership to states within the designated regions.
regional IGO
They base their membership on criteria other than geography. Ex: The Organization of the Islamic Conference (OECD) and Organization of Petroleum Exporting Country (OPEC).
Selective organization
_______ IGOs, such as NATO, limit their activities to a particular field.
Specialized IGO
Refers to the political, military, and other diplomatic engagements between two or more countries.
International Relations
The phenomenon which exhibits the deepening of the political, military, and other diplomatic engagements between 2 or more countries.
Internationalization
It is said to be the modern day concept of sovereignty.
Treaty of Westphalia
The power of the state to rule within its territory.
Internal Sovereignty
The freedom of the state of the state to carry out its activities without subjection to or control by other states.
External Sovereignty
When was the Treaty of Westphalia created?
To end what?
1648
To end the 30 years war between the major continental powers in Europe.
Who challenged the Treaty of Westphalia by spreading the French Revolution principles?
Napoleon Bonaparte
What are the French Revolution principles?
liberty, equality, and fraternity.
The Napoleonic Code
- Prohibition of Birth Privileges
- Encouragenent of Religious Freedom
- Promotion of Meritocracy
The defeat of Napoleon resulted to the restoration of the Westphalian system and gave birth to __________ or the alliance of Great Powers.
Concert of Europe
It is a system of heightened interaction between various sovereign states, particularly the desire for greater cooperation and unity among states.
Internationalism
Citizens of other contries must give up some freedom and establish a continuously growing state
Liberal Internationalism
Rejects nationalism
Socialist Internationalism
Owners of factories, companies, and other means of production.
Capitalist Class
Those who do not own the means of production or the workers.
Proletariat Class
When was the creation of United Nations?
After World War II
Who was influenced by Mazzini who became an advocate of the League of Nations (which gave birth to WHO and ILO) at the end of World War I?
US President Woodrow Wilson
The process where states in an international order continue to adhere to certain global norms despite the lack of a single government.
Global Governance
When and where was the UN created?
During San Francisco Conference at the United States from April 25 - June 26, 1945.
The main deliberative policymaking and representative organ.
The General Assembly
Considered by many to be the most powerful organ. The P5 ( China, France, Russia, UK and USA)
The Security Council
Principal body for coordination, policy review, dialogue and recommendations on social issues.
The Economic and Social Council
Its task is to settle inter-state legal disputes with the consent of both parties.
The International Court of Justice
It is bureaucracy of the UN, serving as a kind of international civil service.
The Secretariat
