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TM1101 > Preliminary > Flashcards

Preliminary Flashcards

0
Q

An approach that focuses on the welfare of the natural environment

A

Biocentric

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1
Q

Tourism that incorporates an element of risk, higher levels of physical exertion and a need for specialized skills to enable successful participation

A

Adventure Tourism

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2
Q

Activities such as stargazing and northern lights viewing that involve observation of day time and night time skies

A

Celestial ecotourism

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3
Q

Varieties of higher wildlife that ecotourists consider attractive and/or interesting

A

Charismatic Megafauna

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4
Q

Plants that eco tourists consider attractive and/or interesting

A

Charismatic Megaflora

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5
Q

Ecotourism in which substantial control and involvement in development and management is invested in the local community, which is a major recipient of the benefits

A

Community-based tourism

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6
Q

Ecotourism that is focused on entire ecosystems and encourages deep learning opportunities as well as behavior transformation

A

Comprehensive Ecotourism

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7
Q

Tourism that emphasizes contemporary or past cultures or history

A

Cultural Tourism

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8
Q

Methods that standardize the promotion of environmental claims by corporations or other entities by following compliance to set criteria, usually based on impartial third party verification

A

Ecolabels

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9
Q

A specialized type of ecotourism accommodation usually located in or near a protected area or other ecotourism venue, and is managed in an environmentally and socioculturally sustainable fashion

A

Ecolodge

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10
Q

Part of the corporatization trend in ecotourism; a group of ecolodges owned and operated by the same company

A

Ecolodge Chain

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11
Q

A form of tourism that fosters learning experiences and appreciation of the natural environment, or some component thereof, within its associated cultural context

A

Ecotourism

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12
Q

A tourist who participates in ecotourism activities

A

Ecotourists

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13
Q

An ecotourist market segment that is strongly biocentric and characterized as an ideal type by the desire for deep and meaningful interaction with natural setting

A

Hard ecotourists

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14
Q

An ecotourist market segment that is more anthropocentric in perspective, and prefers short term and diversionary contact with the natural environment.

A

Soft Ecotourists

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15
Q

A term coined by Gossling to describe indirect environmental costs incurred by an ecotourism operation

A

Environmental Damage Cost

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16
Q

Environmentally and socioculturally aware consumers who seek unique and authentic experiences when they travel.

A

Geotourists

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17
Q

A consumer whose behavior (including purchasing) is influenced by considerations of the environment implications of their actions.

A

Green Consumer

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18
Q

A membership-based organization dedicated to the objective of environmental and social sustainability in the global tourism and hospitality industry

A

Green Globe

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19
Q

Protected areas that comprise mainly sea or ocean, and are managed accordingly.

A

Marine Protected Areas

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20
Q

The process whereby a market is broken down into discrete market segments so that each segment can be reached through appropriate and effective target marketing

A

Market Segmentation

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21
Q

Subgroups within a market that are distinct insofar as members share certain traits or cluster of traits

A

Market Segment

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22
Q

Any type of tourism that relies mainly on attractions directly related to the natural environment.

A

Nature-based Tourism

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23
Q

A widely adopted protected area management tool that accommodates zones ranging from primitive to urban

A

Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS)

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24
Q

An emerging form of ecotourism that emphasizes the attraction of environments that are in the process of restoration.

A

Restoration Ecotourism

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25
Q

Development that meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

A

Sustainable Development

WCED 1987

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26
Q

Tourism that adheres to the principle of sustainable development and to associated criteria of environmental, sociocultural and economic sustainability

A

Sustainable tourism

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27
Q

Sea, Sand and Sun or beach resort tourism

A

3S Tourism

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28
Q

A form of alternative tourism that encompasses a variety of activities in which the participating tourists receive no financial compensation in return for engaging organized activities that are environmentally and/or socioculturally beneficial to the host destination.

A

Volunteer tourism

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29
Q

A subset of nature-based tourism characterized by encounters with no-domestic animals in captive and non-captive settings

A

Wildlife tourism

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30
Q

Regulations that demarcate certain areas for different land uses, and the standards of development that apply to each of these areas.

A

Zoning

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31
Q

WCED

A

World Commission on the Environment and Development

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32
Q

Principles of Sustainability according to WCED

A

Holistic approach to planning and strategic action
Conservation of the ecological processes
Protection of human heritage and biodiversity
Maintenance of productivity over the long term for future generations

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33
Q

People involved in maintenance of environment (aside from government agencies)

A

Community

Tourists

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34
Q

This is sustainable if it is carried out continuously overtime without reducing or diminishing the cultural and environmental values of destinations for the present and for future generations.

A

Sustainable Tourism

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35
Q

Sustainable development vs Sustainable Tourism

A

SD- Natural Resources

ST- Socio-Cultural and Environment

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36
Q

Triple Bottom Line of Sustainable Development (Full Integration- interrelated to each other)

A

Economic
Social
Environmental

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37
Q

Optimizes the growth rate of tourism measured in terms of revenue, infrastructure, etc. taking into account the limits of the environment within a destination area at a given time.

A

Economic Sustainability

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38
Q

Implies respect for the social and cultural identity of the host communities as well as generating opportunities to strengthen community pride, cohesiveness, and control over natural and cultural assets.

A

Socio-Cultural Sustainability

39
Q

The environmental and ecological aspect of tourism can be sustained of the natural capital that supports the natural capital that supports the industry is properly managed and protected.

A

Environmental Sustainability

40
Q

Types of Capital in the context of Sustainable Development:

A 
Human Capital
Manufactured Capital
Environment or Natural Capital
Socio-Organizational Capital
Economic or Credit Capital
41
Q

Pertains to the ecological goods and services from the natural systems or biogeochemical system

A

Environment or Natural Capital

42
Q

Refers to the man-made capital such as tools, buildings and equipment

A

Manufactured Capital

43
Q

Development above the ground

A

Superstructure

44
Q

Development below the ground

A

Infrastructure

45
Q

Include labor, health, knowledge, skills and motivations of individuals

A

Human capital

46
Q

Consists of various dimensions of culture

A

Socio-Organizational Capital

47
Q

Includes money and debts

A

Economic or Credit Capital

48
Q

Principles of a Sustainable Development in General

A 
Biodiversity Conservation Principle
Equity Principle
Precautionary Principle
Economic Valuation Principle
Global Dimension Principle
49
Q

Refers to the maintenance of the natural system and the integrity of ecological processes.

A

Biodiversity Conservation Principle

50
Q

Helps ensure that the biological components and the ecological processes on earth are maintained to sustain tourism development.

A

Biodiversity Conservation

51
Q

Refers to the abundance and richness of plants and animals.

A

Biodiversity

52
Q

Sharing of benefits and costs of development within (intra-) and between (inter-) generations regardless of the individual’s income, class, race, age, gender and disability

A

Equity Principle

53
Q

Three departments to equal participation/sharing profit

A

Private entity
Government
Community

54
Q

Relevant to community based tourism, where the host communities need to be empowered in tourism planning and implementation.

A

Equity Principle

55
Q

Rules on Social Equity

A

Treat all stakeholders in tourism fairly
Ensure that local people do not compromise their social dignity and sense of cultural/national pride
Implement fair trade in tourism
Pay fair price for the holidays and other tourism goods and services
Ensure that the benefits of tourisms are widely distributed among the host community

56
Q

Focuses on the global impact caused by one of the few members of the society at the expense of the rest of the society

A

Global Dimension Principle

57
Q

Refers to the proper and adequate pricing of environmental assets

A

Economic Valuation Principle

58
Q

The basis for the issuance of regulatory measures to prevent environmental threats and irreversible problems

A

Precautionary Principle

59
Q

This principle aims to protect future generations from the harm that the present generation would cause.

A

Precautionary Principle

60
Q

Impacts of Tourism

A

Environment
Socio-Cultural
Economic

61
Q

Positive Environment:

A

Conservation of natural area/biodiversity

Environment Protection

62
Q

Negative Envitonment:

A

Deforestation and unsustainable use of land
Construction and infrastructure development
Marina development
Energy Consumption
Freshwater consumption

64
Q

Positive Economic:

A

Government income/revenue
Local income/revenue
Employment opportunities
Tourism development/investments

65
Q

Zoning:

A

Tourist Zone
Residential Zone
Agricultural Zone
Commercial Zone

66
Q

Refers to the circulation of tourism revenue and thus, benefits derived from it.

Multiplication of the income that comes from the tourists

A

Multiplier effect

67
Q

Soil erosion, beach erosion, degradation of ecosystems, lose of biodiversity and detoriation of scenic beauty.

A

Construction and infrastructure development

68
Q

Serious effects on biodiversity and culturally important and sacred places

A

Deforestation and unsustainable use of land

69
Q

Destroy/disrupt marine biodiversity, natural wave patterns and coastal habitats

A

Marina development

70
Q

Deprive neighboring villages of their daily services needs

A

Energy consumption

71
Q

Freshwater resources of domestic and agricultural uses are reduced and/or depleted because of huge tourism demand

A

Freshwater consumption

72
Q

Positive Socio-Cultural

A 
Quality of life of local community
Cultural exchange and understanding
Human resource development
Cultural pride
Revitalization of culture and traditions
Civic collaboration
73
Q

Negative Outdoor Recreation:

A 
Rudy walking
Mountain climbing
Wilderness camping
Caving/Spelunking
Wildlife watching
Swimming
Scuba diving
74
Q

Degrade the natural environment through the proliferation and widening of nature trails and tracks.

A

Rush walking

75
Q

Loss of vegetation cover, damage to and and loss of trees and shrubs, erosion and compact of top soil

A

Wilderness camping

76
Q

Includes trekking, climbing and bird watching can put rare and unique species as risk of extinction

A

Mountain climbing

77
Q

Disintegration of interior cave features, degradation of trails or pathways inside the caves, discoloration of cave features due to artificial lightning, mortality of cave fauna, loss of freshwater fauna

A

Caving/Spelunking

78
Q

Water pollution

A

Swimming

79
Q

Coral damage

A

Scuba diving

80
Q

Disturbances on wildlife

A

Wildlife watching

81
Q

Pollution problems linked to tourism

A

Water pollution
Air and Noise pollution
Solid Waste and Littering
Aesthetic pollution

82
Q

Damages wildlife, degrade ecosystem, carry water-borne microbes

A

Water pollution

83
Q

More than 60% of air travel contributes to the release of pollution emissions.

A

Air and noise pollution

84
Q

Negative Economic:

A

Seasonality and Vulnerability
Economic leakage
Loss of economic self-reliance
Price hikes

85
Q

Income generated from tourists expenditure which does not remain locally

A

LEAKAGE

86
Q

3 seasons:

A

Peak season/High season
Shoulder season/Mid season
Lean season/Low season

87
Q

Minimizing tourism leakage:

A

Encourage local ownership and management of tourism resources
Support small and medium sized enterprises
Encourage the utilization of locally available resources by tourist establishments
Avoid all inclusive tourism packages marketed by foreigned-owned companies

88
Q

Abandoning their local/traditional jobs

A

Loss of economic self-reliance

89
Q

Trigger an increase of the prices of property and commodities because of high demand from tourists and the tourism industry

A

Price hikes

90
Q

Negative Socio-Cultural:

A 
Commodification
Loss of authencity
Conflict in the use of resources
Sex tourism and prostitution
Cultural detoriation
Cultural differences and conflicts 
Crime and aggressive behavior
91
Q

Cultural attractions are over-commercialized and traded as commodities

A

Commodification

92
Q

Staged or contrived cultural performances and expressions do not represent honest and genuine aspects of local lifestyle, traditions and culture.

A

Loss of authencity

93
Q

Competition for scarce resources between tourists and local residents is a major cause of social conflict and stress

A

Conflict in the use of resources

94
Q

Vandalism, littering, pilferage and removal of cultural heritage items are inappropriate and illegal

A

Cultural detoriation

95
Q

Behavioral responses to tourists by local residents are influenced qualitatively and quantitatively by the level of tourism development

A

Cultural differences and conflicts

96
Q

Tourism can encourage the development of gambling and excessive alcohol consumption leading to negative changes in social behavior and community harmony.

A

Crime & Aggressive behavior

TM1101 (4 decks)

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