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TM1101 > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

0
Q

In ___, they adopted a program called “Conservation in Comfort)

A

1990- Consort Hotels

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1
Q

Development which meets the needs of the needs of the present, without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

A

Sustainable Development

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2
Q

It talks by local naturalist, nature walks, a nature interpretation room and fresh whole food produce on the menu.

A

Go Green weekend

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3
Q

In ___, they put together an environmental reference manual giving guidelines and instructions to staff on environmental management

A

1991

Inter-Continental Hotels Group

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4
Q

In ___, they produced a revised manual “Environment Management for Hotels: The Industry Guide to Best Practice”

A

1992

The International Hotels Environment Initiative

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5
Q

They launched “The Green Partnership Guide” which identifies environmental improvements on how they might lead to reduced operating costs

A

Canadian Pacific Hotels

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6
Q

How many districts in Quezon?

A

4

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7
Q

Cities in Quezon:

A

Lucena and Tayabas

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8
Q

These cover a large area of mainly rural regions.

A

Regional rural projects

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9
Q

Usually run by a single authority often in partnerships and covering a specific, generally politically defined area

A

Distinct wide projects

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10
Q

Originated and run by local people, these take a bottom-up rather than a top-down approach.

A

Local community initiatives

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11
Q

Includes town centre management, schemes, schemes set up to restore part of a historic city incorporating tourism objectives, environmental management in seaside resorts.

A

Urban/Single-site visitor management

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12
Q

Means to assess whether an establishment is contributing to the conservation of ENR.

A

Tools for Sustainability

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13
Q

This is known as BS 7750

A

Corporate Environmental Management

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14
Q

This is known intentionally as ISO 14000/14001

A

Corporate environmental management

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15
Q

The procedure entails an annual independent assessment of company environmental practice.

A

Corporate environmental management

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16
Q

This is a project assessment of the adverse and beneficial impacts of a specific development used in the planning control system.

A

Environmental Impact Assessment

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17
Q

The assessment covers the period from initial planning to post development.

A

Environmental impact assessment

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18
Q

EIA vs EA

A

Auditing is different to EIA because it evaluates existing business practice rather than potential problems.

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19
Q

The kit comprising a loose-leaf binder containing six sections on aspects of environmental management;

A

Environmental Auditing

Health
Purchasing
Energy transport
Waste
Local environment
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20
Q

Sustainable means that something can go on for a period of time

A

Environmental policies and statements

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21
Q

The issue of sustainable development has been brought to attention of the international community in the early ____

A

1970s

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22
Q

__ principles that guides the international community in protecting the environment including mankind’s right to a high quality environment and the responsibility to preserve it

A

UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT

Stockholm conference, June 1972

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23
Q

Comprehensive plan of action for the sustainable development to be taken globally, nationally and locally by organisations of the UN, governments and major groups.

A

UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT (Earth Summit)

Rio de Janeiro, June 1992
Agenda 21

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24
Q

MRA

A

Mutual Recognition Agreement (10 members)

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25
Q

Produced the MDGs

A

UN Millennium Declaration of September 2000

Millennium Summit

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26
Q

MDG

A

Millennium Development Goals

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27
Q

Requires the Environmental Impact assessment (EIA) be conducted prior to the commencement of any activity that can have significant impact on the environment.

A

Presidential Decree No. 1151

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28
Q

Provides for guidelines and strengthens the implementation of the Philippine EIA systems.

A

DENR Administrative Order No. 96-37

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29
Q

It provides that EIA system covers activities to be carried out in ECAs such as national park, watershed reserve and wildlife preserves and sanctuaries

A

DENR Administrative Order No. 96-37

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30
Q

ECA

A

Environmentally Critical Areas

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31
Q

Prohibits hunting, destroying, disturbing or mere possession of any plants or animals or products derived in a protected area without permit from the protected area management board

A

Republic Act No. 7586

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32
Q

Other term for RA No. 7586

A

National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS)

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33
Q

It finds areas

It monitors areas

A

DENR

NIPAS

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34
Q

Provides that proposals for ecotourism projects shall be submitted for review and evaluation by the NEC or REC.

A

Joint DENR-DOT Memorandum Circular No. 8-02 entitled Guidelines for Ecotourism Development in the Philippines

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35
Q

NEC

A

National Ecotourism Committee

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36
Q

REC

A

Regional Ecotourism Committee

37
Q

It also requires the submission of and initial EIA, and a more detailed EMP when the proposal is accepted

A

Joint DENR-DOT Memorandum Circular No. 8-02 entitled Guidelines for Ecotourism Development in the Philippines

38
Q

EMP

A

Ecotourism Master Plan

39
Q

UNCED

A

United Nations Conference on Environment and Development

40
Q

Other term for Agenda 21

A

Earth Summit

41
Q

Where Agenda 21 took place and when?

A

Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in June 1992

42
Q

The largest-ever world meeting brought Heads of State and government officials together with international organizations and representatives of NGOs from around the world

A

Agenda 21

43
Q

A 700 page global plan of action as a result of the Earth Summit: it represents consensus reached by 178 States on how we can secure OUR future.

A

Agenda 21

44
Q

It is like a blueprint (green print) for global partnership aiming at a high quality environment and a healthy economy for all peoples of the planet.

A

Agenda 21

45
Q

It addresses the critical issues we face as a global community: continuing damage to ecosystems, the worsening of poverty, hunger and ill health, increasing world population and illiteracy

A

Agenda 21

46
Q

It is composed of 40 chapters that identify each challenge and propose simple realistic solutions toward sustainable development

A

Agenda 21

47
Q

Parts of Agenda 21

A

Linking Society, Economy and Nature
How can we protect our resources?
Who can make a difference?
Where do we start?

48
Q

This section focuses on the importance of international cooperation to implement and speed up our progress toward sustainable development

A

Linking Society, Economy and Nature

49
Q

It stresses the necessity for the governments of each individual developed and developing country to implement new policies, laws and strategies aimed at socially responsible development. However, governments cannot do it alone, they will need to work with the private sector, non-governmental organizations and individuals

A

Linking Society, Economy and Nature

50
Q

Chapters:

A 
Preamble
Role of Trade
Combat Poverty
Changing Consumption patterns
Population dynamics
Protecting and promoting health
Sustainable Human settlements
Making decisions for sustainable development
Protecting the Atmosphere
Planning and Management of Land-use
Combatting Deforestation
Combatting desertification
Mountain Development
Agriculture and Rural Development
Conservation of Biodiversity
Sustainable Biotechnology
Protection of the oceans
Protecting and Managing water
Management of Toxic Chemicals
Hazardous wastes
Solid waste and sewage
Radioactive waste 
Preamble
WOMEN
Children and Youth
Indigenous People
Non-Governmental organizations
Local authorities
Workers and trade unions
Business and Industry
Science and Technology
Farmers
Financial resources
Transfer of technology
Science for sustainable development
Education and Public Awareness
Creating capacity for sustainable development
International Institutional Arrangements
International law and mechanisms
Sharing information and data for decision-making
51
Q

The Role of Trade:

A

Trade and environment should be mutually supportive since international economic relations and the economic policies of every country have great relevance to sustainable development

52
Q

Poverty is caused by hunger, illiteracy, inadequate medical care, unemployment and population pressures. The poor need access to basic education and health care, safe water and sanitation, and to resources, especially land

A

Combatting Poverty

53
Q

New concepts of wealth and prosperity which are more in harmony with the Earth’s carrying capacity need to be developed, particularly in the industrialized countries. Individuals need to accept that they have chives when making decisions about their own consumption patterns

A

Changing consumption patterns

54
Q

The world’s population is expected to exceed 8 billion by the year 2020..

A

Population dynamics

55
Q

Every year in the developing world, nearly 15 children under 15 die from infection and malnutrition. Human health depends on a healthy environment, clean water supply, sanitary waste disposal, adequate shelter and healthy food

A

Protecting and promoting health

56
Q

Migration

A

Sustainable human settlements

57
Q

By the year 2000, half the world’s population will be living in cities. Governments should reduce migration to the big cities by improving rural living and see that the homeless get access to land, credit and low-cost buildings materials

A

Sustainable human settlements

58
Q

There is a tendency to treat the environment as a “free good” and to pass the cost of environmental damage to other parts of society, other countries or future generations. Nations and corporate enterprises should integrate environmental protection and restoration costs in their decision-making

A

Making decisions for sustainable development

59
Q

Our atmosphere is under increasing pressure from greenhouse gases that threaten to change the climates and chemicals that reduce the ozone layer.

A

Protecting the atmosphere

60
Q

Greater energy efficiency out of existing power stations is needed as well as developing new, renewable energy sources while reducing on non-renewable sources of energy

A

Protecting the atmosphere

61
Q

Increasing demand for land and it’s natural resources is creating competition and conflicts. Sustainable use and management of land should include landscape ecological planning, traditional and indigenous land practices and the active participation in decision-making by people affected by land planning

A

Planning and management of land

62
Q

There is a need for concerted international research and conservation efforts to control the harvesting of forests by promoting indigenous technologies and agroforestry and expanding the shrunken world-forest cover

A

Combatting deforestation

63
Q

Desertification and drought result in poverty and starvation, which brings about more soil degradation. One of the major tools to fight the spread of deserts is the planting of trees and other plants that retain water and maintain soil quality

A

Combatting desertification

64
Q

About 10% of the Earth’s population live in mountain areas, while about 40% occupies watershed areas below. Measures are needed to protect mountain ecosystems from erosion, landslides and rapid loss of habitat, animals and plant life.

A

Mountain Development

65
Q

The world’s long-term ability to meet the growing demand for food and other agricultural products is uncertain. The priority must be to maintain and improve the capacity of agricultural lands with new technologies to support an expanding population

A

Agriculture and rural development

66
Q

The use of biological resources to feed and clothe us, to provide us with housing and medicines accelerates the loss of bio-diversity. Urgent and decisive action is needed to conserve and maintain genes, species and ecosystems

A

Conservation of Biodiversity

67
Q

The success of this programs depends on highly trained scientific professionals who use traditional knowledge and modern technology to change the genetic material in plants, animals and microbes an create new products, increase fertility and crop resistance, improve treatment of sewage

A

Sustainable biotechnology

68
Q

Oceans are under increasing stress from pollution, overfishing and general degradation. Nations must control and reduce the pollution of the marine environ by and maintain its life support capacity

A

Protection of the oceans

69
Q

In the developing world, one person in three lacks safe drinking water and sanitation, basic requirements for health and dignity. A cleanup of the most obvious sources of pollution is needed in order to have safe water and sanitation for all by the year 29125

A

Protecting and Managing water

70
Q

There are presently no less than 100,000 commercial made chemicals. Countries need to develop and share expertise for a sound management of toxic chemicals and prevent illegal international traffic in toxic and dangerous products

A

Management of toxic chemicals

71
Q

Developing countries have come under pressure to accept unpleasant imports of hazardous waste which pose a risk to people an the environment. Developed countries have an obligation to promote the transfer of spud technologies and reduce hazardous waste

A

Hazardous wastes

72
Q

The use of radioactive substances is growing in nuclear power production of electricity, medicine, research and industry and so is the waste. It is important to training and financial support to developing countries that have nuclear programs to ensure safe and responsible management

A

Radioactive waste

73
Q

Governments are urged to give girls equal access to education, to make healthcare systems responsive to women’s needs and to bring women into full participation in social, cultural and public life.

A

Women

74
Q

They make up nearly one-third of the world population. Governments are urged to combat abuse of the rights of youth, especially females in certain cultures and all children have access to education

A

Children and youth

75
Q

They comprise about 4% of the world’s population and their numbers are decreasing. Governments and international organizations should protect their rights and patrimony, recognize their traditional knowledge and resource management practices and enroll them in full global partnership

A

Indigenous people

76
Q

They for a network in both developed and developing countries and play a vital role in the shaping and implementation of participatory democracy which is integral to the implementation of sustainable developmet

A

Non-Governmental Organization

77
Q

Such as the municipal governments, should consult citizens and community, business and industrial groups on local programs, policies, laws and regulations to achieve Agenda 21’s objectives

A

Local authorities

78
Q

Workers will be among those most affected by the changes needed to achieve sustainable development. Through elected representatives, workers must be involved in promoting socially responsible economic development

A

Workers and trade unions

79
Q

Responsible behavior in the private sector is a prerequisite to achieving sustainable development. Entrepreneurship can play a major role in improving the efficiency of resource use, minimizing wastes and protecting human health and environmental quality

A

Business and industry

80
Q

Scientists and technologists have special responsibilities to search for knowledge and to help protect the biosphere

A

Science and technology

81
Q

They are directly responsible for one third of the land surface of the Earth. They require economic and technical assistance that will encourage them to implement self- sufficient, low-input and low-energy agricultural practices. Women, who do much of the world’s farming, should have access tenure and the use of land, to credits and technologies

A

Farmers

82
Q

Developing nations need free trade and access to markets in order to achieve sustainable economic growth. Special attention should be given ti nations whose economies are in transition.

A

Financial resources

83
Q

Scientific knowledge can help prevent shortages of energy, water and non-renewable resources. Developing countries should access environmentally-sound technology and know-how through a collaborative international network of laboratories.

A

Transfer of technology

84
Q

In the face of threats of irreversible environmental damage, improved knowledge of the Earth’s systems is crucial as well as integration of the natural, social and engineering sciences

A

Science for sustainable development

85
Q

It gives people the environmental and ethical awareness, values, and attitudes, skills, and behavior needed for sustainable development because it must ultimately involve everyone, access to education must be increased for all children and adult illiteracy must be reduced

A

Education and public awareness

86
Q

All countries share the need to strengthen national capabilities. Developing countries especially need to build their own capacity to implement Agenda 21 in cooperation with UN organizations, developed countries with each other

A

Creating capacity for sustainable development

87
Q

A large responsibility for following-up with Agenda 21 rests with the United Nations orgamizations. It is recommended that the UN create a high-level Commission on Sustainable Development which would draw on expertise of UN organizations, international financial organizations and NGOs, industry, business and scientific groups.

A

International Institutional Arrangements

88
Q

It is essential that all countries and all sectors within countries, participate in the negotiations of international agreements that create effective international standards for environmental protection

A

International law and mechanisms

89
Q

In order to base decisions on sound information, the availability, quality and accessibility of data needs to be improved between developed and developing countries

A

Sharing information and data for decision making

TM1101 (4 decks)

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