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Biology Nat 5 > Prelim Unit Two > Flashcards

Prelim Unit Two Flashcards

1
Q

Stem cells

A

Unspecialised cells
Used for growth and repair
Come from embryo

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2
Q

Mitosis

A

pairs of chromatids become visible
Line up at equator
Pulled apart by spindle fiber to form two new nuclei
Cytoplasm spilts to form two daughter cells

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3
Q

Specialised cells

A

Sperm
Red blood cell
Muscle cell

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4
Q

Parts of NS

A

Brain CNS
Spinal cord CNS
Nerves

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5
Q

NS made up of

A

Neurons

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6
Q

Parts of brain

A

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Medulla

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7
Q

Cerebrum

A

Responsible for thoughts consciousness reasoning and emotions

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8
Q

Cerebellum

A

Balance and coordination

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9
Q

Medulla

A

Breathing and heart rate

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10
Q

Receptors

A

Generate electrical impulses in response to stimuli

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11
Q

Electrical impulses

A

Carry messages along sensory neurons in the CNS

In inter neurons carry messages to motor neurons

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12
Q

Motor neurons

A

Electrical impulses carry messages to effectors and brings response

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13
Q

Synapse

A

Narrow gap between neurons

Chemicals released into it to allow electrical impulse to be generated in next neuron

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14
Q

Reflex

A

Protect the body from harm

Rapid actions that don’t require processing from brain

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15
Q

Reflex arc

A

The group of neurons involved with the structure and function of a reflex

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16
Q

Gametes

A

Sex cells
Haploid
Either make or female

17
Q

Flowers

A

MALE GAMETES
inside pollen grains and made in anthers
FEMALE GAMETES
inside ovules and made in ovaries

18
Q

Humans

A 
MALE GAMETES 
sperm cells produced in testes
Sperm very small can swim
FEMALE GAMETES 
egg cells produced in ovaries 
Larger and have food supply
19
Q

Fertilisation

A

Fusion of two haploid nucleis to form diploid zygote that divides to become embryo

20
Q

Haploid

A

Single set of chromosomes

21
Q

Diploid

A

Double set of chromosomes

22
Q

Zygote

A

Fertilised egg

23
Q

Variation

A

Differences in species

Combining two genes from two parents adds to variation

24
Q

Discrete variation

A

Clear cut difference
Shows discontinuous pattern
Involves single gene inheritance

25
Q

Polygenic

A

Different alleles of different genes involved

Continuous variation

26
Q

Polygenic inheritance

A

Shows variation of values between minimum and a maximum

27
Q

Phenotype

A

Outward appearances of characteristic

28
Q

Genotype

A

Symbols of phenotype

29
Q

Recessive

A

Allele of gene that only shows in phenotype if it’s homozygous

30
Q

Alleles

A

Type of gene

31
Q

Homozygous

A

Same allele from each parent

32
Q

Heterozygous

A

Different alleles from each parent

33
Q

Monohybrid cross

A

Made to study the inheritance

34
Q

Punnet squares

A

Used to explain inheritance

35
Q

Family tree diagrams

A

Used to identify genotypes

Biology Nat 5 (3 decks)

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