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Biology Nat 5 > Prelim unit one > Flashcards

Prelim unit one Flashcards

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1
Q

Animal cell

A 
Nucleus 
Cytoplasm 
Cell membrane 
Mitochondria 
Ribosome
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2
Q

Plant cell

A 
Cell wall
Cell membrane 
Cytoplasm 
Chloroplast
Vacuole 
Ribosome
Mitochondria 
Nucleus
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3
Q

Fungal cell

A 
Cell wall
Cell membrane 
Nucleus 
Cytoplasm 
Mitochondria 
Ribosome
Vacuole
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4
Q

Bacterial

A 
Nucleoid
Plasmid
Cell wall
Cell membrane 
Cytoplasm 
Ribosome
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5
Q

Nucleus

A

Controls all cell activity

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6
Q

Plasmid

A

Contains genetic material

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7
Q

Cell membrane

A

Controls entry and exit of materials

Selectively permeable

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8
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Site of most chemical reactions

Fermentation

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9
Q

Cell wall

A

Maintains cell structure

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10
Q

Chloroplast

A

Sure of photosynthesis

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11
Q

Vacuole

A

Sugar storage

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12
Q

Mitochondria

A

Powerhouse of cell

Site of aerobic respiration

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13
Q

Ribosome

A

Site of protein synthesis

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14
Q

Diffusion

A

Passive

Molecules moving down a concentration gradient

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15
Q

Osmosis

A

Passive

WATER molecules moving down a concentration gradient

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16
Q

Active transport

A

Requires energy

Molecules moving up a concentration gradient

17
Q

Animal cell in water

A

High water concentration=bursts

Lower water concentration=cell shrinks

18
Q

Plant cells in water

A

Higher water concentration=becomes turgid

Lower water concentration=becomes plasmolysed vacuole shrinks

19
Q

What are Chromosomes made up of

A

Genes

20
Q

Bases

A

Adenine=thymine
Guanine=cytosine
Complementary bases
Makes up genetic code to

21
Q

mRNA

A

MOLECULE that carries copy of genetic code from nucleus to ribosome where protein is assembled using amino acid

22
Q

DNA

A

Carries genetic information

MOLECULE

23
Q

Protein shape

A

Shape comes from amino acid sequence

Protein shape effects their function

24
Q

Protein functions

A 
Structural
Enzymes 
Hormones
Antibodies
Receptors
25
Q

Enzymes function

A

Biological catalysts

Speed up chemical reactions

26
Q

Active sites

A

Enzyme molecules bind to substrate molecule forming enzyme substrate complex

27
Q

Effects on enzyme reactions

A

Change in shape
Change of temperature
Ph level

28
Q

Genetic information

A

All cell activity depends on it

Can be transferred artificially using genetic engineering

29
Q

Genetic engineering

A

Used to make proteins

Enzymes used to remove gene required, cut plasmid and seal gene into plasmid

30
Q

Genetic engineering steps

A

Removing section of DNA containing gene required
Inserting gene into extracted plasmid
Inserting modified plasmid into cell

31
Q

Aerobic respiration

A

GOCH
glucose+oxygen——>CO2 h2O
Starts in cytoplasm
Finishes in mitochondria

32
Q

Fermentation new animal cells

A

GL
Glucose——>lactate
Occurs in cytoplasm

33
Q

Fermentation in yeast

A

GEC
Glucose——>ethanol+co2
Occurs in cytoplasm

Biology Nat 5 (3 decks)

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