Prelim unit one

Question 1

Animal cell

Answer 1

Nucleus 
Cytoplasm 
Cell membrane 
Mitochondria 
Ribosome

Question 2

Plant cell

Answer 2

Cell wall
Cell membrane 
Cytoplasm 
Chloroplast
Vacuole 
Ribosome
Mitochondria 
Nucleus

Question 3

Fungal cell

Answer 3

Cell wall
Cell membrane 
Nucleus 
Cytoplasm 
Mitochondria 
Ribosome
Vacuole

Question 4

Bacterial

Answer 4

Nucleoid
Plasmid
Cell wall
Cell membrane 
Cytoplasm 
Ribosome

Question 5

Nucleus

Answer 5

Controls all cell activity

Question 6

Plasmid

Answer 6

Contains genetic material

Question 7

Cell membrane

Answer 7

Controls entry and exit of materials

Selectively permeable

Question 8

Cytoplasm

Answer 8

Site of most chemical reactions

Fermentation

Question 9

Cell wall

Answer 9

Maintains cell structure

Question 10

Chloroplast

Answer 10

Sure of photosynthesis

Question 11

Vacuole

Answer 11

Sugar storage

Question 12

Mitochondria

Answer 12

Powerhouse of cell

Site of aerobic respiration

Question 13

Ribosome

Answer 13

Site of protein synthesis

Question 14

Diffusion

Answer 14

Passive

Molecules moving down a concentration gradient

Question 15

Osmosis

Answer 15

Passive

WATER molecules moving down a concentration gradient

Question 16

Active transport

Answer 16

Requires energy

Molecules moving up a concentration gradient

Question 17

Animal cell in water

Answer 17

High water concentration=bursts

Lower water concentration=cell shrinks

Question 18

Plant cells in water

Answer 18

Higher water concentration=becomes turgid

Lower water concentration=becomes plasmolysed vacuole shrinks

Question 19

What are Chromosomes made up of

Answer 19

Genes

Question 20

Bases

Answer 20

Adenine=thymine
Guanine=cytosine
Complementary bases
Makes up genetic code to

Question 21

mRNA

Answer 21

MOLECULE that carries copy of genetic code from nucleus to ribosome where protein is assembled using amino acid

Question 22

DNA

Answer 22

Carries genetic information

MOLECULE

Question 23

Protein shape

Answer 23

Shape comes from amino acid sequence

Protein shape effects their function

Question 24

Protein functions

Answer 24

Structural
Enzymes 
Hormones
Antibodies
Receptors

Question 25

Enzymes function

Answer 25

Biological catalysts

Speed up chemical reactions

Question 26

Active sites

Answer 26

Enzyme molecules bind to substrate molecule forming enzyme substrate complex

Question 27

Effects on enzyme reactions

Answer 27

Change in shape
Change of temperature
Ph level

Question 28

Genetic information

Answer 28

All cell activity depends on it

Can be transferred artificially using genetic engineering

Question 29

Genetic engineering

Answer 29

Used to make proteins

Enzymes used to remove gene required, cut plasmid and seal gene into plasmid

Question 30

Genetic engineering steps

Answer 30

Removing section of DNA containing gene required
Inserting gene into extracted plasmid
Inserting modified plasmid into cell

Question 31

Aerobic respiration

Answer 31

GOCH
glucose+oxygen——>CO2 h2O
Starts in cytoplasm
Finishes in mitochondria

Question 32

Fermentation new animal cells

Answer 32

GL
Glucose——>lactate
Occurs in cytoplasm

Question 33

Fermentation in yeast

Answer 33

GEC
Glucose——>ethanol+co2
Occurs in cytoplasm