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2105 | Aviation Safety > Prelim - Module 1-3 > Flashcards

Prelim - Module 1-3 Flashcards

1
Q

It enables to identify hazards

A

Safety

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2
Q

ICAO acronym meaning

A

International Civil Aviation Organization

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3
Q

Objects or situations that could bring danger

A

Hazard

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4
Q

True or False:

The aviation industry is striving because it is the safest mode of transportation

A

TRUE

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5
Q

A state or condition in which the risk or harm to persons or property damaged is reduced to and maintained.

A

Safety

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6
Q

Possibility of harm and damage.

A

Risk

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7
Q

The level of acceptable risk

A

Reduced damage

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8
Q

True or False:

Failures will not occur if there are accomplished prevention efforts.

A

FALSE (failures will ALWAYS occur)

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9
Q

True or False:

Controlled risk and controlled error are acceptable in an inherently safe system.

A

TRUE

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10
Q

It is a condition, subject to change.

A

Safety

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11
Q

What year did the Ulu aircraft hijacking occur?

A

1978

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12
Q

What year did the Lockerbie Bombing occur?

A

1980

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13
Q

When did the Shoe Bomb attempt happen?

A

December 22, 2001

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14
Q

What year did the Box Cutter 9/11 occur?

A

2001

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15
Q

Evolution of Safety:

1950’s - danger is caused by unimproved technology

A

Technical Factors

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16
Q

Evolution of Safety:

What year are the Technical Factors?

A

1950

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17
Q

Evolution of Safety:

1970’s - danger is caused by quality management

A

Human Factors

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18
Q

Evolution of Safety:

What year are Human Factors?

A

1970

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19
Q

Evolution of Safety:

1990’s - organizations are involved when accidents happen.

A

Organizational Factors

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20
Q

Who stated that accidents are not caused by a single factor but a chain of events?

A

Professor James Reason

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21
Q

What did Professor James Reason state?

A

Accidents are caused by a chain of events.

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22
Q

Who proposed the Accident Causation?

A

Professor James Reason

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23
Q

Components or Organization:

Management decision and organizational process.

A

Organization

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24
Q

Components or Organization:

Working conditions

A

Workplace

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25
Q

Components or Organization:

Errors and violations

A

People

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26
Q

Components or Organization:

Technology, training, and regulations

A

Defences

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27
Q

Components or Organization:

The outcome or the result of events

A

Accident

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28
Q

Components or Organization:

The latent conditions trajectory

A
  1. Organization
  2. Workplace
  3. People
  4. Defences
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29
Q

Layers of failure and layers of defences

A

Swiss Cheese Model

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30
Q

Who developed the Swiss Cheese Model?

A

Professor James Reason

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31
Q

What did Professor James Reason develop?

A

Swiss Cheese Model

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32
Q

Swiss Cheese Model:

Fails, flaws, and deficiencies

A

Holes

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33
Q

These are:

  • Poor design
  • Procedures
  • Poor ethical behaviors
  • Decisions
A

Latent Conditions

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34
Q

They have direct control, planning maker, and they allocate resources and funds

A

Organization

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35
Q

The process in which can contribute to stopping or preventing an accident

A

Organizational Process

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36
Q

A negative condition that is already present in the system

A

Latent Conditions

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37
Q

Organizational Process:

____ latent conditions

A

Identify

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38
Q

Organizational Process:

____ defences

A

Reinforce

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39
Q

Organizational Process:

____ workplace conditions

A

Improve

40
Q

Organizational Process:

____ active failures

A

Contain

41
Q

Actions or inactions which have an immediate adverse effect

A

Active Failure

42
Q

Active failure is caused by ___ factor

A

Human

43
Q

It consists of different parts to achieve your goal

A

Complex

44
Q

A complex system that requires an assessment of the human contribution to safety

A

Aviation System

45
Q

An understanding of how human performance may be affected by its multiple and interrelated components.

A

People, Context, and Safety

46
Q

Complexity affects the ____

A

Human Force

47
Q

Used to help visualize the interrelationships among various components and features of the aviation system

A

Shell Model

48
Q

The interrelationship between human factors and the aviation environment.

A

Shell Model

49
Q

Emphasize the individual and the human’s interfaces with the other components and features of the aviation system.

A

Shell Model

50
Q

Shell Model:

These are the documents manuals

A

Software

51
Q

Shell Model:
Rules and Regulations
Standard Operating Procedure

A

Software

52
Q

Shell Model:

Training and checklists

A

Software

53
Q

Shell Model:

The support system workplace that supports to make our work efficient and safe.

A

Software

54
Q

Shell Model:

Tools and equipment

A

Hardware

55
Q

Shell Model:

Any tangible

A

Hardware

56
Q

Shell Model:

Physical elements

A

Hardware

57
Q

True or False:

We can do trial and error in aviation

A

FALSE (we can’t)

58
Q

Shell Model:

If the ____ is not conducive, human factors will enter

A

Environment

59
Q

Shell Model:

If the environment is not conducive, ____will enter

A

Human Factor

60
Q

Shell Model:

It includes weather

A

Environment

61
Q

Shell Model:

It is the organization’s responsibility to provide this

A

Safe and reliable environment

62
Q

Shell Model:

Human aspect of the system

A

Liveware

63
Q

Shell Model:

Maintenance, operator, designers, technician, flight crews, engineers, management, administration

A

Liveware

64
Q

Shell Model:

Maintenance, operator, designers, technician, flight crews, engineers, management, administration

A

Liveware

65
Q

Shell Model:

It must be designed to assist the human to work properly

A

Liveware

66
Q

Shell Model:

The software, hardware, and environment assists this

A

Liveware

67
Q

Shell Model:

People to people relationship

A

Liveware (bottom)

68
Q

True or False:

The causes and consequences of operational errors are linear in their magnitude

A

FALSE (not linear)

69
Q

True or False:

To achieve the goal, we must do well to interconnect the components.

A

TRUE

70
Q

A mismatch between the liveware to any of the factors can lead to ____

A

Accidents or sloppy performance

71
Q

Considered as a key safety resource

A

Humans

72
Q

Susceptible to making errors and breaking rules

A

Humans

73
Q

An action or inaction that leads to deviations from organizational person’s intentions or expectations

A

Error

74
Q

Involuntary actions

A

Error

75
Q

Categories of Errors

A

Slips and Lapses

Mistakes

76
Q

Category of Error:

Do not go as planned

A

Slips and Lapses

77
Q

Category of Error:

Memory failures

A

Slips and Lapses

78
Q

Category of Error:

Decision making failure

A

Mistakes

79
Q

It must be put into place to control or eliminate errors

A

Safety Strategies

80
Q

Safety Strategy:

Provide direct intervention to reduce or eliminate the factors contributing to the error

A

Reduction Strategy

81
Q

Safety Strategy:

Simulators and training

A

Reduction Strategy

82
Q

Safety Strategy:

The intent is to capture the error before any adverse consequences of the error are felt

A

Capturing Strategy

83
Q

Safety Strategy:

Checklist

A

Capturing Strategy

84
Q

Safety Strategy:

Refer to the ability of a system to accept that an error will be made but without experiencing serious consequences.

A

Tolerance Strategy

85
Q

Safety Strategy:

Even damage is present the aircraft will still work

A

Tolerance Strategy

86
Q

Safety Strategy:

Redundancy or backup

A

Tolerance Strategy

87
Q

Safety Strategy:

Structural Inspection

A

Tolerance Strategy

88
Q

A deliberate act of willful misconduct or omission resulting in a deviation from established regulations, procedures, norms, or practice.

A

Violation

89
Q

Voluntary actions

A

Violation

90
Q

Voluntary actions

A

Violation

91
Q

Categories of Violations

A

Situational and Routine

92
Q

Category of Violation:

  • Time pressure
  • Workload
  • To force finish the work
A

Situational Violations

93
Q

Category of Violation:

Norm in workplace

A

Routine Violations

94
Q

Category of Violation:

No immediate negative effect happens

A

Routine Violations

95
Q

Who was responsible for Ulu aircraft hijacking

A

Aarno Lamminparas

96
Q

Who was responsible for Shoe bomb attempt

A

Richard Reid

2105 | Aviation Safety (3 decks)

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