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2105 | Aviation Safety > Midterm - Module 1 and 2 > Flashcards

Midterm - Module 1 and 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Even though different terms are used to define human factors, it still has _____.

A

one thought

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2
Q

Understanding human behavior and their performance.

A

Human Factor

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3
Q

Multidisciplinary fields incorporating contributions from psychology, engineering, industrial design, statistics, operations, research, and anthropometry.

A

Human Factors Science or Technologies

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4
Q

Covers the science of understanding the properties of human capability, the application of this understanding to the design, development, and deployment of systems and services.

A

Human Factor

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5
Q

The art of ensuring successful application of human factor principles into the maintenance working environment.

A

Human Factor

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6
Q

We need to study this because most of the time circumstances occur due to human performance and human decisions.

A

Human Factor

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7
Q

When did Human Factors start?

A

The early 1900s

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8
Q

Aircraft ___ began to consider aircraft compatibility with humans.

A

designers

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9
Q

Aircraft designers began to consider aircraft compatibility with ____.

A

humans

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10
Q

Aircraft designers began to consider aircraft ____ with humans.

A

compatibility

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11
Q

What did the military researchers look at concerning pilots?

A

Medical Factors

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12
Q

When did governments mass produce military aircraft?

A

World War II

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13
Q

What did the government mass produce during World War II?

A

Military Aircrafts

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14
Q

Aircraft compatibility with humans. (Year)

A

1900s

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15
Q

Control design and instrument layout for compatibility with pilots. (Year)

A

1920s - 1940s

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16
Q

What factors did the engineers need to consider in mass-producing a military aircraft?

A

Control design and instrument layout for compatibility with pilots.

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17
Q

What law did the US Government pass?

A

Aviation Safety Act

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18
Q

When did the US Government law pass?

A

1988

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19
Q

Why did the FAA conduct research on Human Factors in Aviation?

A

Because of the Aviation Safety Act

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20
Q

Why did the FAA conduct research on factors related to aviation maintenance personnel?

A

Because of the Aviation Safety Act

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21
Q

More prone to latent accidents or errors.

A

Mechanics

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22
Q

Mechanics are more prone to?

A

Latent Accidents and Errors

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23
Q

Pilots are more prone to?

A

Active Failures

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24
Q

More prone to active failures.

A

Pilots

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25
Q

Aviation Safety heavily relies on ___.

A

Miantenance

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26
Q

____ heavily relies on maintenance.

A

Aviation Safety

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27
Q

The ability of the aircraft to travel from point A to point B.

A

Airworthiness

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28
Q

Human Factors (enumerate)

A
  • Personal life problems
  • Repetitive jobs
  • Poor instructions
  • Poor training
  • Poor communication
  • Lack of equipment and tools
  • Poor training
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29
Q

Element of HF:

The mental well-being of the individual

A

Clinical Psychology

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30
Q

Element of HF:

Connected to physical health.

A

Clinical Psychology

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31
Q

Element of HF:

Medicine intake.

A

Clinical Psychology

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32
Q

Element of HF:

Alcohol intake.

A

Clinical Psychology

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33
Q

Element of HF:

An organized approach to the study of work.

A

Industrial Engineering

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34
Q

Element of HF:

The study on how people learn and design the methods and materials.

A

Educational Psychology

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35
Q

Element of HF:

Concerned with relations between people and work.

A

Organizational Psychology

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36
Q

Element of HF:

The Science and Art of healing (physical well-being).

A

Medical Science

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37
Q

Element of HF:
The study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and of practical techniques for their implementation and application in computer systems.

A

Computer Science

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38
Q

Element of HF:

The study of minds as information processors.

A

Cognitive Science

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39
Q

Element of HF:

Designs and plans relevant to safety

A

Safety Engineering

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40
Q

Element of HF:

The study of the dimensions and abilities of the human body.

A

Anthropometrics

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41
Q

To attain Job Satisfaction:

A
  • Peer recognition
  • Benefits/incentives
  • Personal standards
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42
Q

Meaning of acronym PEAR

A

People
Environment
Actions
Resources

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43
Q

Similar to Shell Model

A

Pear Model

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44
Q

More simplified than Shell Model

A

Pear Model

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45
Q

Co-developed by Dr. Bill Johnson

A

Pear Model

46
Q

Who co-developed Pear Model

A

Dr. Bill Johnson

47
Q

Summarized all factors that should be in place to achieve safety and better performance.

A

Pear Model

48
Q

Memory aid for explaining the actions of aviation personnel as they interact with hardware, procedures, test equipment, environmental factors, and other people as they perform maintenance duties.

A

Pear Model

49
Q

Makes recognition and mitigation of human factors even easier.

A

Pear Model

50
Q

Used as a memory device for over a decade to characterize the human factor in aviation maintenance.

A

Pear Model

51
Q

It prompts to recall of the four-importance consideration for human factor programs.

A

Pear Model

52
Q

Four human factor programs.

A

People
Environment
Action
Resources

53
Q

PEAR:

Who does the job?

A

People

54
Q

PEAR:

Workforce

A

People

55
Q

PEAR:

Components of People

A

Physical
Psychological
Physiological
Psychosocial

56
Q

PEAR:
Components of People

Physical size, sex, age, strength, sensory limitations

A

Physical

57
Q

PEAR:
Components of People

Nutritional factors, health, lifestyle, fatigue, chemical dependency

A

Psychological

58
Q

PEAR:
Components of People

Workload, experience, knowledge, training, attitude, mental or emotional state

A

Physiological

59
Q

PEAR:
Components of People

Interpersonal conflicts

A

Psychosocial

60
Q

PEAR:

In which they work

A

Environment

61
Q

PEAR:

Components of Environment

A

Physical and Organizational

62
Q

PEAR:
Components of Environment

o Weather
o Location inside or outside
o Workspace
o Shift

A

Physical

63
Q

PEAR:
Components of Environment

o Lighting
o Sound level
o Safety
o Tangible components

A

Physical

64
Q

PEAR:
Components of Environment

o Personnel
o Supervision
o Labor-management relations
o Pressures

A

Organizational

65
Q

PEAR:
Components of Environment

o Crew structure
o Size of company
o Profitability
o Morale

A

Organizational

66
Q

PEAR:
Components of Environment

o Profitability
o Morale
o Corporate culture
o Management side

A

Organizational

67
Q

PEAR:

They perform

A

Action

68
Q

PEAR:
• Necessary to analyze to complete the job
• Knowing the objectives of the job
• Steps to perform a task

A

Action

69
Q

PEAR:
• Sequence of activity
• Number of people involved
• Information control requirements

A

Action

70
Q

PEAR:
• Knowledge requirements
• Skill requirements
• Attitude requirements

A

Action

71
Q

PEAR:
• Attitude requirements
• Certification requirements
• Inspection requirements

A

Action

72
Q

PEAR:

Planning stage on how to do and complete a job

A

Action

73
Q

PEAR:

Necessary to complete the job

A

Resources

74
Q

PEAR:

Can be both tangible and less tangible

A

Resources

75
Q

PEAR:

Any component that can be needed or can support to complete the job

A

Resources

76
Q 
PEAR:
•	Procedures/work cards
•	Technical manuals
•	Other people
•	Test equipment
A

Resources

77
Q 
PEAR:
•	Tools
•	Computers/software
•	Paperwork/sign-offs
•	Ground handling equipment
A

Resources

78
Q 
PEAR:
•	Work stands and lifts
•	Fixtures
•	Materials
•	Task lighting
A

Resources

79
Q 
PEAR:
•	Materials
•	Task lighting
•	Training
•	Quality systems
A

Resources

80
Q

Twelve primary contributing factors that cause human errors and affect human performance.

A

Dirty Dozen

81
Q

Human factors that degrade people’s ability to perform effectively and safely which could lead to maintenance errors.

A

Dirty Dozen

82
Q

Were adopted by the aviation industry as a straightforward means to discuss human error in maintenance.

A

Dirty Dozen

83
Q

Maintenance-related aviation accidents occurred during what years?

A

Late 1980s and early 1990s

84
Q

Who identified twelve human factors?

A

Transport Canada

85
Q

Identified by Transport Canada

A

12 Human factors

Dirty Dozen

86
Q

Dirty Dozen:

Failure to transmit, receive or provide enough information to complete a task.

A

Lack of Communication

87
Q

Dirty Dozen:
Only 30% of verbal communication is received and understood by either side in a conversation. Others usually remember the first and last part of what you say.

A

Lack of Communication

88
Q

Dirty Dozen:

Overconfidence from repeated experience performing a task.

A

Complacency

89
Q

Dirty Dozen:

Shortage of the training, information, and/or ability to successfully perform.

A

Lack of Knowledge

90
Q

Dirty Dozen:

Avoidance of being a know-it-all

A

Lack of Knowledge

91
Q

Dirty Dozen:

Anything that draws your attention away from the task at hand.

A

Distraction

92
Q

Dirty Dozen:

The #1 cause of forgetting things, including what has or has not been done in a maintenance task.

A

Distraction

93
Q

Dirty Dozen:

Safety net: always use or refer to your checklist, go back 3 steps when proceeding after distraction.

A

Distraction

94
Q

Dirty Dozen:

Failure to work together to complete a shared goal.

A

Lack of Teamwork

95
Q

Dirty Dozen:

Lack of communication can occur.

A

Lack of Teamwork

96
Q

Dirty Dozen:

Physical or mental exhaustion threatens work performance.

A

Fatigue

97
Q

Dirty Dozen:

Not having enough people, equipment, documentation, time, parts, etc. to complete a task.

A

Lack of Resources

98
Q

Dirty Dozen:

Real or perceived forces demanding high-level job performance.

A

Pressure

99
Q

Dirty Dozen:

Failure to speak up or document concerts about instructions, orders, or the actions of others.

A

Lack of Assertiveness

100
Q

Dirty Dozen:

A physical, chemical, or emotional factor that causes physical or mental tension

A

Stress

101
Q

Dirty Dozen:

Safety net: take a break when needed, do not stress yourself more.

A

Stress

102
Q

Dirty Dozen:

Happens with a lack of alertness

A

Lack of Awareness

103
Q

Dirty Dozen:

Failure to recognize a situation, understand what it is, and predict the possible results.

A

Lack of Awareness

104
Q

Dirty Dozen:

Expected, yet unwritten, rules of behavior.

A

Norms

105
Q

Dirty Dozen:

Inevitable to be adapted.

A

Norms

106
Q

Dirty Dozen:

Safety net: stick to the regulations and proper procedures.

A

Norms

107
Q

In everything you do everyone’s ____must be kept in mind.

A

safety

108
Q

In ____ you do everyone’s (yourself, others, the aircraft itself) safety must be kept in mind.

A

everything

109
Q

When did the US Air Force conduct experiments evaluating human personalities?

A

1950

110
Q

Who conducted experiments that evaluate human personalities to better match people to their military job assignment?

A

US Air Force

111
Q

___ them before it creates an accident.

A

Address

112
Q

Address them before it creates an ____.

A

accident

2105 | Aviation Safety (3 decks)

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