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Bacteriology Lab > (PRELIM) Long Quiz > Flashcards

(PRELIM) Long Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 primary tissue types

A
  1. Epithelium
  2. connective
  3. Muscle
  4. Nervous
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2
Q

It is formed from primary tissues, function as parts of organ systems

A

Organ

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3
Q

It is closed packed cells, minimal extracellular fluid, lacked of bood vessels and nerve endings

A

Epithelium

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4
Q

2 Types of epithelium

A

Simple and stratified

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5
Q

single layer cell

A

Simple epithelia

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6
Q

Flattened cells

A

Squamous

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7
Q

Equal in height and width

A

Cuboidal

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8
Q

greater in height and width

A

Columnar

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9
Q

Give example of squamous epthelia in simple epithelium

A

Inner linings of blood vessels and heart
Alveolar walls in the lungs
Renal glomeruli and tubules

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10
Q

Example of cuboidal epithelia in simple

A

Kidney tubules
Secretory celss of many glands

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11
Q

Example of columnar in simple

A

Inner lining of the:
- stomach
- intestines
- gall bladder

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12
Q

Two or more cell layers

A

Stratified epithelium

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13
Q

example of squamous in stratified

A

-keratinized and non-keratinized peitheliun of the skin
- lining of oral cavity and esophagus

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14
Q

Typically lines blood vessels and body cavities and regulates the passage of substances into the underlying tissue

A

Simple squamous

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15
Q

Typically found in granular ( secreting) tissue and kidney tubules. Its major function are absorption and secretion

A

Simple cuboidal

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16
Q

secretion, excretion, and absorption. theses cells are found in cornea, inner ear, and nose

A

Simple columnar

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17
Q

protection against microorganisms from invading underlying tissue or protection against water los

A

Stratified Squamous

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18
Q

the outer layer of skin (epdermis) is made of these tissues

A

Stratified Squamous

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19
Q

Usually less common and is found on the salivary glands. It is for protection, excretion, and secretion

A

Stratified cuboidal

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20
Q

Mainly for the protection of underlying tissues with multiple layers of epithelium cells. They also perform secretion

A

Stratified columnar

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21
Q

Single layer cell, Thin and flat

A

Simple squamous

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22
Q

single layer cell and has a cube shape

A

simple cuboidal

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23
Q

Single layer cell which s tall and slender with oval shaped nucleus

A

Simple columnar

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24
Q

flat cells that are layered or stacked on top of each other

A

Stratified squamous

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25
Q

Consists of many layers of cells and cube shaped cells on the outer

A

stratified cuboidal

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26
Q

Column shaped cells arrange in multiple layers

A

stratified columnar

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27
Q

it maintains the structural integrity of the body; composed of cells and matrix

A

Connective tissue

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28
Q

It is the extracellular component, containing collagen and elastin fibers

A

Matrix

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29
Q

6 cells types

A
  1. fibrobalsts
  2. fibrocytes
  3. lymphocytes
  4. macrophages
  5. Mast cells
  6. adipocytes
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30
Q

it profuce fibers and matrix large, ireegularly shaped, abundant cytoplasm, ovoid nucleus

A

Fibroblasts

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31
Q

inactive form of fibroblasts, can revert to fibroblasts smaller and thinner than fibroblasts

A

Fibrocytes

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32
Q

small cells with large nuclei, they enter the conncetive tissue from the blood and accumulate in the tissue in pathologic conditions

A

Lymphocytes

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33
Q

Large, irregularly shaped cells, they enter from blood phagocytotic activity (scavengers) they migrate easily in the connective tissue

A

Macrophages

34
Q

Large round cells, their cytoplasm is rich om large, bluish round granules which often obscure the nucleus; they enter form bood

A

Mast cells

35
Q

a large, bluish round granules

A

Basophil granulocytes

36
Q

They contain a large, single Lipid droplet; nucleus is oval compressed against the cell membrane

A

Adipocytes

37
Q

They make ups most of the fibrous component, generally appear in bundles, they do not branch

A

Collagen fibers

38
Q

They branch and thinner than collagen

A

Elastin fibers

39
Q

The material in which connective tissue cells d fibers are embedded ( except in bones, viscous gel, occupies most on the tissue space

A

Ground substance

40
Q

What is this type of collagen:
makes ups of 90% of our body is collagen and is densely packed and used to provide structure to our skin bones and ligaments

A

Tyoe 1

41
Q

What is this type of collagen:
Provide joint support that can be found in elastic cartilage

A

Type 2

42
Q

What is this type of collagen:
can be found in muscles, arteries, and organs. all collagen fibrils have at least one triple helix structure

A

Type 3

43
Q

What are the 3 types of muscles

A

Striated skeletal muscle
Striated cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle

44
Q

Composed of muscle fibers surrounded by connective tissue.
Fibers are collected into fascicles (bundles)
Muscle fibers are multinucleated
Nuclei are peripherally located under the cell membrane

A

Striated skeletal muscle

45
Q

The fibers aee shorter than skeletal muscle fibers and branch join each other forming sheets rather than bundles.
There is a specific junction between the muscle fibers called intercalated disks which have Nuclei that centrally located

A

Striated Cardiac Muscle

46
Q

The fibers are fusiform, small but relatively long; each fiber has a single, centrally located nucleus ;
fibers are arrange in concentric sheets and are tightly packed,

A

Smooth Muscle

47
Q

vary in size and shape cell body - axon and dendrite

A

Nuerons

48
Q

interstitial supporting cells in the nervous system significantly vary in size and shape

A

Glia

49
Q

includes nerve cells: neuronal cell bodies and their dendrites and axons (both myelinated and unmyelinated)

A

Central nervous system

50
Q

Supporting cells

A

Nuroglia

51
Q

it contains nuerons organized into clusters called ___________

A

PNS
ganglia

52
Q

Meaning of PNS

A

Peripheral Nervous System

53
Q

Supporting cells including satellites cells associated with the ganglionic nuerons and Schwann cel which form the Myelin sheath, conncetive tissue elements and blood vessels

A

PNS

54
Q

what are the 3 connective tissue elements

A

Endonuerium
Perinuerium
Epineurium

55
Q

What are the 3 types if Nuerons

A

Unipolar
Bipolar
Multipolar

56
Q

They have one process extending from the cell body

A

Unipolar nuerons

57
Q

They have two processes extending from the cell of the body

A

Bipolar nuerons

58
Q

They have multiple processes extending from the cell body, typically one axon and multiple dendrites

A

Multipolar Nuerons

59
Q

Are chemical messenger that transmit signal across synapses allowing communication between neurons and other cells

A

Neurotransmitter

60
Q

Define neurotransmitter

A

Are chemical messenger that transmit signal across synapses allowing communication between nuerons and other cells

61
Q

5 common neurotransmitter

A
  1. Acetylcholine (ACH)
  2. Dopamine
  3. Serotonin
  4. Glutamate
  5. Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA)
62
Q

plays a role in muscle movement, memory and learning. Found at nueromuscualr jusctions and in the central nervous system

A

Acetylcholine (Ach)

63
Q
  • involved in motivation, reward and motto control.
  • influenced mood, attention, and pleasure, and it’s dysregulation is associated with conditions like Parkinson’s disease and addiction
A

Dopamine

64
Q
  • Contributes to mood regulation, sleep, apetite, and digestion
  • affects emotions, social behaviour, and cognition amd it’s implicated in depression and anxiety disorders
A

Serotonin

65
Q
  • Primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain
  • involved in learning, memory and syna[tic plasticity
  • essential for normal brain function but can be nuerotoxic in excess contributing to condition like stroke and nuerodegenerative disease
A

Glutamate

66
Q
  • Primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain regulating neuronal excitability and reducing anxiety
  • it plays a crucial role maintaining balance between excitation and inhition in the nuerons systems
A

Gamma-amino butyric acid

67
Q

7 types of tissue preparation

A

Fixation
Dehydration
Clearing
Embedding
Sectioning
Mounting
Staining

68
Q

Preserve the tissue and there will be no alternative component

A

Fixation

69
Q

Removal of water from tissue

A

Dehydration

70
Q

Dehydrated agent needed

A

50-100% alcohol

71
Q

To make the tissue transparent

A

Clearing

72
Q

Ebedded in the paraffin wax or candle

A

Embedding

73
Q

Trimming of the excess paraffin into a thin section using Microtome

A

Sectioning

74
Q

Use in sectioning

A

Microtome 5-10 micrometer ul

75
Q

Putting the paraffin into the slide using adhesive coated glass slide

A

Mounting

76
Q

Using metachromatic stain

A

Staining

77
Q

Basic dye color

A

Blue

78
Q

Acid dye color

A

Pink

79
Q

Use in acid dye color

A

Hematoxylin

80
Q

Use of acid dye

A

Eosin

81
Q

Alternative dye

A

Toluidine blue

82
Q

It makes the tissue blue except polyanious (granules)

A

Toluidine dye

Bacteriology Lab (2 decks)

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