Prelim | Lesson 1 Flashcards
Device that receives the energy of the XR beam and forms the image of the bofy part
Image Receptor (IR)
A device that contains special screens that flow when struck by XRs and imprints the XR image on film
Cassette with Film
Device similar to CXT that contains special phosphor that store the XR image
Image Plate (IP)
Inserted into a reader device which does not require a dark room. The radiographic image in then converted to digital format and is viewed on a computer monitor or printed out on film
IP
Does not use a cassette or IP
Direct Radiography (DR)
A flat panel detector built into the XR table or device that captures the XR image and converts it into digital format. THe image is then viewed on a computer monitor or printed out on film
DR
The XRs strike a fluroscopic screen where the image is formed and the bodt part is transmitted to a television monitor via a camera
Fluoroscopic screen
This is a “real time” device in which the body par is viewed live on a television
Fluoroscopic screen
Fluoroscopic screen aka
Live action view
Device/ material containing the recorded anatomical structure of the human body after application of XR energy and subsequent processing inside the darkroom
Radiograph
Used to initially evaluate patient’s current condition and establish proper exposure factors and localization of the pathologic condition
Scout film/ radiograph/ preliminary film
Standpoints in evaluating a radiograph
- Superimposition
- Adjacent structures
- OD
- Contrast
- Recorded Detail
The relationship of the anatomnmic superimposition to size shape, position, and angulation must be reviewed to prevent misdiagnosis
Superimposition
Each anatomic structure must be compared with that of adjacent structures and reviewed to ensure that the structure is present and properly shown
Adjacent structures
The degree of film blackening
Optical Density (OD)
Must be within the diagnostic range, not too light and not too dark to prevent misdiagnosis
OD
Primary factos controlling density
Milliamperage (mA)
Exposure time (seconds)
Milliampere (mAs)
Difference between any two areas on a radiograph
Contrast
Must be sufficient to allow radiographic distinction of adjacent structures with different tissue densities
Contrast
Ability to visualize small structures
Recorded detail
Must be suffivient to clearly demonstrate the desired anatomic part
Recorded detail
Controlling factors for geometry (recorded detail)
- Geometry
- Film
- Distance
- Screen
- Focal spot size
- Motion
Controlling factors of OID and SID
Magnification
Observe proper XRT distance with IR/ body part
Magnification
How far the bofy part is from the image receptor
Object-to-image raceptor distance (OID)
How far the XRT is from the IR
Subject-to-image receptor distance (SID)
Deviation from true sahpe
Shape Distortion
The shape distortion of the body part must be analyzed and the primary controlling factors must be studied
- Alignment of body part
- Central ray direction
- Anatomic part
- IR placement
- Angulation of XRT
Discuss Display of Radiograph
Should be mounted in a view box/ illuminator/ negatoscope for proper viewing following the normal orientation of the body or normal anatomic position to identify properly the location of the pathologic condition
A narrative or reward of past events and cicumstances that are or may be relevant to patient’s current state of health
Clinical history
An account of past disease, injuries, treatments, and other strictly medical facts of patient
Clinical history
RT should determine history of patient for precautionary measures especially for (1), (2) and also to determine patient’s (3)
- contagious diseases
- area of interest to be managed
- current condition
Discuss Diagnosis and the Responsibility of the RT
RTs are not allowed to divulge any info regarding patient’s condition and diagnosis. Only doctors are allowed to inform a patient regarding his/ her condition
Discuss Care of Radiographic Examining Room
- It should be cleaned and disinfected including equipment (XR machine), radiographc accessories like CXTs, caliper, markers, etc. to avoid reansfer of contagious disease from one patient to another
- Should be prepared before the arrival of patient
- Linens and pillows should arrange properly and always neat and clean
Hands must be washed before and after handling patients to prevent transfer of microorganisms from one pt to another
Standard Procedure
Standard Procedure
Best aseptic technique
Handwashing
Standard Procedure
Alternative to handwashing
Using alcohol
Always clean the cxT , radiographi ctable, vettical grid. CXT holder, and the radiographic accessories every after use with alcohol
Standard Procedure
Maintain distance when communicating with patients
Standard Procedure
Clean the portable XR machine before bringing to the the OR
Operating Room
Handwash and wear scrub suit. personal protective equipment before entering the OR for imaging
Operating Room
Disinfect the CXT before bringing to the OR and cover it with streilized plastic or material provided by the central suppy room
Operating Room
Avoid touchin the sterile materials inside the OR
Operating Room
Usually done in the radiolofy department like cystography, urography, etc.
Minor Surgical Procedures
RT can prepare the needed materials
Minor Surgical Procedures
Should contain every examination performed including the staff during the procedure, doctros and workers, and their specific responsibilities. Materials shouls also be accounted for monitorin
Procedure Book
Movement os patient should be controlled duting exposure to avoif blurring of the image
Motion and its Control
Motion and its Control
Muscles that move involuntarily
Smooth and cardiac muscles
Motion and its Control
Muscles that move voluntarily
Striated muscles
Causes of involuntary movement
- Heart pulsation
- Chill
- Peristalsis
- Tremor
- Spasm
- Pain
