PRELIM LAB: ESSENTIALS OF PHLEBOTOMY Flashcards
TYPES OF BLOOD SPECIMEN:
- serum
- plasma
Clotted RBCs
serum
Has no fibrinogen because it is already clotted
serum
Clotting or coagulation proteins are absent because they are already used up
serum
Anticoagulated RBCs
Plasma
With the presence of fibrinogen
Plasma
Clotting or coagulation proteins are present
Plasma
Coagulation Proteins (Factors):
- Fibrinogen
- Prothrombin
- Tissue Thromboplastin
- Calcium lons
- Labile Factor
- Stable Factor
- Antihemophilic Factor
- Christmas Factor
- Stuart-Prower Factor
- Plasma Thromboplastin Antecedent (PTA)
- Hageman Factor
- Fibrin Stabilizing Factor
Coagulation Pathways:
- Intrinsic Pathway
- Extrinsic Pathway
- Common Pathways
Usually tested for activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)
Intrinsic Pathway
Involves the following factors: 12, 11, 9, 8
Intrinsic Pathway
Usually tested for prothrombin time (PT)
Extrinsic Pathway
Involves the following factors: 7, 3
Extrinsic Pathway
Involves the following factors: 10, 5, 2, 1
Common Pathways
Blood Volume:
- Normal
- Anemia
- Polycythemia
Normal Blood Volume Female:
37-47% hematocrit
*
Normal Blood Volume Male:
42-52% hematocrit
Depressed hematocrit %
Anemia
Elevated hematocrit %
Polycythemia
- Added in samples to preserve integrity
Additives
Types of Additives:
- Anticoagulant
- Clot Activator
- Gel
- Special Additives
Prevents clotting
Anticoagulant
Induces clot formation
Clot Activator
Special Additives
Lithium heparin:
used for arterial blood gas