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CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 2 > PRELIM LAB: ESSENTIALS OF PHLEBOTOMY > Flashcards

PRELIM LAB: ESSENTIALS OF PHLEBOTOMY Flashcards

1
Q

TYPES OF BLOOD SPECIMEN:

A
  1. serum
  2. plasma
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2
Q

Clotted RBCs

A

serum

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3
Q

Has no fibrinogen because it is already clotted

A

serum

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4
Q

Clotting or coagulation proteins are absent because they are already used up

A

serum

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5
Q

Anticoagulated RBCs

A

Plasma

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6
Q

With the presence of fibrinogen

A

Plasma

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7
Q

Clotting or coagulation proteins are present

A

Plasma

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8
Q

Coagulation Proteins (Factors):

A
  1. Fibrinogen
  2. Prothrombin
  3. Tissue Thromboplastin
  4. Calcium lons
  5. Labile Factor
  6. Stable Factor
  7. Antihemophilic Factor
  8. Christmas Factor
  9. Stuart-Prower Factor
  10. Plasma Thromboplastin Antecedent (PTA)
  11. Hageman Factor
  12. Fibrin Stabilizing Factor
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9
Q

Coagulation Pathways:

A
  • Intrinsic Pathway
  • Extrinsic Pathway
  • Common Pathways
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10
Q

Usually tested for activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)

A

Intrinsic Pathway

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11
Q

Involves the following factors: 12, 11, 9, 8

A

Intrinsic Pathway

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12
Q

Usually tested for prothrombin time (PT)

A

Extrinsic Pathway

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13
Q

Involves the following factors: 7, 3

A

Extrinsic Pathway

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14
Q

Involves the following factors: 10, 5, 2, 1

A

Common Pathways

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15
Q

Blood Volume:

A
  • Normal
  • Anemia
  • Polycythemia
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16
Q

Normal Blood Volume Female:

A

37-47% hematocrit

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17
Q

*

Normal Blood Volume Male:

A

42-52% hematocrit

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18
Q

Depressed hematocrit %

A

Anemia

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19
Q

Elevated hematocrit %

A

Polycythemia

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20
Q
  • Added in samples to preserve integrity
A

Additives

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21
Q

Types of Additives:

A
  1. Anticoagulant
  2. Clot Activator
  3. Gel
  4. Special Additives
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22
Q

Prevents clotting

A

Anticoagulant

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22
Q

Induces clot formation

A

Clot Activator

22
Q

Special Additives
Lithium heparin:

A

used for arterial blood gas

23
Special Additives Sodium fluoride:
anti-glycolytic agent that preserves glucose by inhibiting enolase enzyme
23
Types of Unacceptable Blood Specimen
* Lipemic Sample * Icteric Sample * Hemolyzed Sample * Chylous Sample
24
Milky appearance of serum or plasma
Lipemic Sample
25
Caused by high lipid levels in the blood
Lipemic Sample
26
Requires dilution before being tested
Lipemic Sample
27
Darker shade of yellow serum or plasma
Icteric Sample
28
Caused by high bilirubin levels in the blood
Icteric Sample
29
Two Types of Bilirubin
1. Conjugated Bilirubin 2. Unconjugated Bilirubin
30
B2, direct bilirubin
Conjugated Bilirubin
31
B1, indirect bilirubin
Unconjugated Bilirubin
32
# * Common in patients with hepatitis or liver diseases
Icteric Sample
33
Specimen must be covered from light to prevent oxidation of bilirubin content
Icteric Sample
34
light May decrease bilirubin by:
30-50%
35
Dark orange to red serum or plasma
Hemolyzed Sample
36
Cannot be tested for electrolyte testing
Hemolyzed Sample
37
Hemolyzed Sample Can be caused by:
i. Prolonged tourniquet ii. Too small needle size iii. Difficult drawing of blood iv. Vigorous inversion of tubes v. Excessive pulling of the plunger vi. Incorrect manner of dispensing the sample
38
Occurs after a meal
Chylous Sample
39
Chyle must be removed then perform ringing
Chylous Sample
40
SECTIONS OF TESTS:
* Clinical Chemistry * Hematology * Blood Banking * Immunology & Serology * Bacteriology
41
Glucose, Lipids, Proteins, NPNs, Enzymes, Electrolytes
Clinical Chemistry
42
Blood typing, Crossmatching, Coombs test
Blood Banking
42
CBC, ESR, Coagulation studies, Blood typing, Reticulocyte count, PBS
Hematology
43
Hormones, Tumor markers, Viral & bacterial infections
Immunology & Serology
44
Blood culture
Bacteriology
45
NPNs:
Nonprotein Nitrogens
46
test for inflammation
ESR: Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
47
increased during massive bleeding or blood loss; stained with new methylene blue & brilliant crescent blue
Reticulocyte: immature RBCs
48
Blood Collection Sites:
1. Antecubital Fossa 2. Wrist area 3. Back of hand 4. Ankle 5. Top of the foot
49
Most common site for blood collection
Antecubital Fossa
50
Antecubital Fossa Can be either of the two vein patterns:
H pattern M pattern
51
most common vein pattern
M pattern
52
Antecubital Fossa Composed of the following veins:
Median cubital Cephalic Basilic
53
most common vein used for blood collection
Median cubital

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 2 (2 decks)

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