Prelim Immunology Flashcards
A preparation that is used to stimulate the body’s immune response against
VACCINES
denotes the physical act of administering a vaccine or toxoid
Vaccination
a more inclusive term denoting the process of inducing or providing immunity artificially by administering an immunobiological
IMMUNIZATION
2 CATEGORIES OF VACCINE
•Prophylactic Vaccine
•Therapeutic Vaccine
_________vaccine involves introducing antigens into a person’s body. The goal is that the individual’s immune system will create antibodies for those antigens, and become immune to the associated illness.
PROPHYLACTIC VACCINE
Six Vaccine Type
•Live Attenuated
•Inactivated
•Subunit Vaccines, Surface Protein Subunit Vaccines, Polysaccharides
•Toxoids
•DNA Vaccines, Recombinant Vectors
•mRNA Vaccines
_______ use a weakened form of a virus that contains antigens that appropriately stimulate an immune response. Such viruses have been passaged to reduce their virulence but retain immunogenic antigens that elicit strong humoral and cellular responses and the development of memory cells after one or two doses.
Live attenuated vaccines
VACCINE TYPES -LIVE ATTENUATED
the vaccine cannot be used if the patient is ———
Should not be used in ———
immunocompromised, has fever or malignancy, or is taking immunosuppressive drugs
should not be used in pregnancy
These types of vaccines are useful because they can be freeze-dried and transported without refrigeration, an important consideration in reaching developing countries.
VACCINE TYPES - INACTIVATED
use a component of the microorganism as a vaccine antigen to mimic exposure to the organism itself.
SUBUNIT VACCINES
are effective because they elicit an immune response that results in the production of toxin-specific neutralizing antibodies, preventing cell damage in the patient.
Toxoids Vaccines
Sequencing the genome of a pathogen provides information that enables the production of a __________ _____________ against selected genetic material.
DNA vaccine
One of the barriers to effectiveness of DNA vaccines is that the nucleic acids must not only be delivered into the cytoplasm of cells but also achieve nuclear import to localize with host cell DNA polymerases to produce messenger RNA (mRNA).
MRNA VACCINES
contains one strain of a disease-causing organism (e.g., plague vaccine, Pasteurella pestis, and smallpox vaccine).
simple vaccine
is prepared from two or more strains of an organism that cause the same disease (e.g., polio is trivalent).
multivalent vaccine
is prepared from two or more strains of an organism that cause the same disease.
polyvalent vaccine
is usually assumed to confer, with one shot, “lifetime immunity. And give one ex.
single-dose vaccine. Smallpox vaccine
several doses are given, spaced weeks or months apart, to get maximum immunogenicity. And also done with inactivated vaccines, which are less antigenic.
multiple-dosing regimen
is administered years after the initial immunization schedule (regardless of single or multiple first dose). As a patient ages, Ab levels may wane. And also is used to bolster immunity and also are used if a patient is known or suspected to have been exposed to a pathogen (e.g., tetanus).
booster dose
is possible only if one vaccine does not interfere with another.
coadministered vaccine
Thise are six common found in the Vaccines
Active Ingridients
Adjuvants
Antibiotics
Stabilizers
Preservatives
Trace components
is an ingredient used in some vaccines that helps create a stronger immune response in people receiving the vaccine
Adjuvant
can cause more local reactions (such as redness, swelling, and pain at the injection site) and more systemic reactions (such as fever, chills and body aches)
Adjuvanted vaccines
In refregirator what are vaccines that is stored of the following:
Freezing compartment:
1.
Main component:
Top:
2.
Middle
3.
4.
Lower
5.
In refregirator what are vaccines that is stored of the following:
Freezing compartment:
1.OPV vials
Main component:
Top:
2. BCG, Measles. MMR, Varicella
Middle
3. Hepa A, Typhoid
4.Hepa B,. Others :DPT/DT/TT/DTap
Lower
5.Diluent
___ destroys live viral and bacterial vaccines. If the agent is not killed, the antigen may be altered
Heat
formed inside the protein structure during freeze-drying expand during thawing and disrupt the structure of the vaccine.
Ice Crystals
is live vaccinia (cowpox) virus grown on the skin of a bovine calf
Smallpox Vaccine
In ——, smallpox was declared eradicated worldwide.
1982
