Prelim Exam Reading Flashcards
who were the founders of the three indigenization movements?
Virgilio Enriquez - Sikolohiyang Pilipino
Prospero Covar - Pilipinolohiya
Zeus Salazar - Pantayong Pananaw
What is Sikolohiyang Pilipino’s main agenda?
the challenging or questioning of the social relevance of dominant Western psychological perspectives and theories
What was the plan for researches of Sikolohiyang Pilipino?
Researches were to be either on, or to have meaningful relevance to, the different realms and aspects of Filipino ways of life whether personal or social relations, and whether it was for farming, forestry, industry, child-care, religion, or education
How has SP responded to the global neo-liberal transformations affecting social relations and the light of political, economic, and environmental uncertainties requiring more creative and
innovative ‘psychological labour’
SP has diversified
its theoretical-practical engagements. Papers read at the PSSP, within the last decade have not only heightened studies of local perspectives, value systems, and orientation. They have started
to include research, counseling, or helping make sense of new concerns: particular experiences of
overseas Filipino workers (OFWs) and their families, outsourced individuals, disaster or armed
conflict-displaced communities, incarcerated persons, rebel detainees, discontinued marriages,
gender and sexuality, single mothers, suicidal adolescents, reconfigurations of gender roles, child labor, sex, and gender violence victims/survivors, to mention a few. In all these cases, educators, researchers, and practitioners continue to build upon SP perspectives, concepts, and methodologies or critically engage them to be more attentive and responsive to glocalized contexts.
How might SP be considered
critical in its self-definitions, concepts, themes, problems, methodologies, and practices?
SP’s being a liberated psychology is made possible by its decolonization component, while its being liberating is made possible through its indigenization
component. Further, it is argued that decolonization-indigenization can very well resonate with
the critical-emancipatory human interest behind critical social science
What is mainstream psychology according to Fox, Prilleltensky and Austin
‘mainstream psychology’ is meant
the ‘psychology that universities often teach and that clinicians, researchers, and consultants
most often practice’. In this paper, the term mainstreamed, rather than mainstream emphasizes
that the dominance of a type of psychology in the West subsequently disseminated throughout the world through colonization, was contrived and an effect of power-knowledge collusions (See
Parker, 2007a). ‘Mainstreamed western psychology’ in this paper refers to scientific experimental, quantitative, behaviorist psychology or positivist psychology that carries with it a
What is Pe-Pua and Protacio-Marcelino’s recommendation on the initial handle on the extensive material on SP
They wrote: ‘Sikolohyang Pilipino refers to the psychology born out of the experience, thought and orientation of Filipinos, based on the full use of the Filipino
culture and language’ (p. 49). To elaborate further, R. Pe-Pua wrote in 2006: ‘Much of the strategy for discovering Sikolohiyang Pilipino is based on assessing historical and socio-cultural realities, understanding the local language, rediscovering the dimensions of the Filipino character and explaining psychological concepts using a Filipino perspective’
What is the idea of what western academic psychology is a product of
Western academic psychology, are very much a product of the common sense concepts and lived daily realities of the white male fathers of psychology, their
respective communities, and local histories. For SP proponents, it would be erroneous to say that
there was no psychology in the Philippines prior to the introduction of colonial psychology in the university. and the Babaylan scriptures that the Spanish burned could have been an amazing historical piece to add to the argument that psychology already existed in the Philippines before it was ‘colonially implanted’.
What did Pe-pua describe as the two guiding principles
of Indigenous methodologies of research evident in, and advocated by SP. And how do they resonate with critical psychology’s espousal of research that is empowering rather than oppressive
first, that ‘the level of interaction or relationship that exists between the
researcher and the participants significantly determines the quality of the data obtained’;
and
second, ‘researchers should treat research participants as equal, if not superior- like a fellow human being, and not like a guinea pig whose sole function is to provide data’
they resonate with critical psychology’s espousal of research that is empowering rather than oppressive by telling us to empower rather than disempower the people whose experiences and circumstances are the
subject of the study
What are the core values and principles that the PSSP promotes?
- promotion of a compassionate and Filipino
perspective and means of studying Filipino culture, society, and psychology; - promotion of interdisciplinary and systematic study of Filipino culture, society, and psychology;
- advocacy of the
use of one’s own language [Filipino and other local languages] in the study of Filipino culture, society, and psychology; - advocacy of a meaningful participation in the different sectors of society in the study of Filipino culture, society, and psychology;
- advocacy and meaningful compassion with the marginalized, oppressed and powerless sectors of society in order that all Filipinos may have dignity, justice, and freedom
What are the argumentative evidences for why SP may be considered critical emancipatory social science
First, its two-pronged motivation of decolonization-indigenization resonates with critique-emancipation. SP was a movement that systematically critiqued the theories and methodologies
of Western psychology, and on a more constructive plane, it aimed to create a psychology relevant to, and based on Filipino indigenous ways of knowing, living, and valuing, ‘in short, a psychology that is appropriate and significant to Filipinos’
Indigenization, because for the proponents and advocates of SP, decolonization is to be sought
side-by-side with the constructive work of proposing Indigenous psychology as an alternative to
Western Psychology
Decolonization, because the Philippines is no longer occupied by its colonizers, and yet a far
the worse form of colonization persists in mental captivity and academic dependency or educational neocolonialism
How is SP considered ideology critique?
‘Sikolohiyang Pilipino was
essentially a form of resistance to the hegemony of Western paradigms. Its ultimate agenda was the liberation of psychology from its Western origins’ (Bautista, 1999, p. 392). The problem that
was mainly the target of SP to eradicate was ideological in nature – academic dependency, educational neocolonialism
Teo describes postcolonial critiques as those emanating
from former colonies where psychology was used as part of a racist agenda to portray natives as lacking in certain biological, physiological, and psychical qualities making them inferior to the colonizer
So, how is the SP considered a postcolonial critique?
First, SP as was discussed earlier, was a continuation of the decolonization struggle for independence from colonial mentality, academic dependency, and neocolonial education, all after independence have been granted formally
Second, indigenization or cultural recognition per se was not its end objective; it was always crucially integrated with the critique
of Western colonialist constructions of Filipino identity or character
What is the difference between forms of ‘critical psychology’ in various cultural-political
contexts?
In the case of Third World, non-western cultures, the power and inequality induced by academic psychology have the added dimension of cultural, colonial, and racist exclusions. Psychology
colonially implanted to colonized countries was unfortunately coopted by the pathologizationnormalization discourse of empire. In fact, the terms pathologization and normalization are psychological terms, showing how psychology discipline (literally) was employed for a more Critical Psychology in Changing World 777
systematic subjugation and governance of the colonized. The critique of ‘royal psychology’ necessarily belongs to the more general project of decolonization-indigenization.
Why is there critical psychology, and what role does it play in relation to political activity?
Critical psychology calls on psychologists that it is not enough to understand the world – but to change it. And so it always stem from a political commitment to respond to problems of power and inequality, most of all to the ways by which psychology as an academic discipline and practice has become in itself a site of power and inequalities through its exclusionary discourses and practices. The major political aim that may be common among post-colonial societies is the
aim of academic or intellectual decolonization
