(Prelim) Activity 1 Discussion (Post-Lab) Flashcards
Properties that depend on the number of solute particles in a solution.
Colligative Properties
diffusion of solvent through a semipermeable membrane from the solution of lower solute concentration to the solution of higher
solute concentration.
Osmosis
Colligative Properties
- Osmotic Pressure
- Vapor pressure lowering
- Boiling point elevation
- Freezing point depression
Osmotic pressure formula
Ξ = ππ
π
or
Ξ = πππ
π
pressure required to counter osmosis
Osmotic pressure
i means
Vanβt Hoff factor
M means
molarity
R means
0.08205 Lβatm/mol βK
T means
temperature (in K)
2 ions in i(Vanβt Hoff factor)
1.8
5 ions in i(Vanβt Hoff factor)
4.2
3 ions in i(Vanβt Hoff factor)
2.6
4 ions in i(Vanβt Hoff factor)
3.4
when the osmotic pressure of the solution is the same, or very nearly the same, as that of the cell contents.
Isotonic
solutions of greater concentration than within the cell
Hypertonic
solutions of lower concentrations than within the cell
Hypotonic
same conc. of inside & outside
Isotonic
> 0.9%
Hypertonic
0.9% NaCl
Isotonic
< 0.9%
Hypotonic
the pressure exerted by a vapor that is in
thermodynamic equilibrium with the condensed phase (solid or liquid) at
a given temperature in a closed system.
Vapor pressure
it is characteristically defined by Daltonβs
Law of Partial pressure and Raoultβs Law.
For vapor pressure of solution
is the summation of the individual partial vapor pressures of the components (solute and solvent) or the product of the molar fraction and the original vapor pressure of the pure components.
total vapor pressure of the system
always equal to 1
molar fraction
it is the temperature by which the vapor pressure of liquid is in equilibrium to the external atmospheric pressure.
Boiling Point
It is a phenomenon or change by which solution of substance tend to increase its boiling point by the addition or increase
in the amount or concentration of the solute.
Boiling Point elevation
Boiling Point Elevation FORMULA:
βππ = πΎππ or βππ = ππΎππ
βππ means
Boiling Point Elevation
πΎπ means
Ebullioscopic constant (ΒΊC/m)
i means
Vanβt hoff factor
m means
molality
R means
Gas constant ( 1.987 cal/mol . Deg)
Tb means
Boiling point of solvent in Kelvin
MW
MW of solvent
βπ»π£ππ
Molar heat of vaporization
it is the temperature by which the solid and liquid phases are in equilibrium under a pressure.
Freezing Point
It is a phenomenon or change by which
solution of substance tend to decrease its freezing point by the addition or increase in the amount or concentration of the solute.
Freezing Point elevation
Freezing Point Depression formula
βππ = πΎππ or βππ = ππΎππ
βππ means
Freezing point depression
πΎπ
cryoscopic constant (ΒΊC/m)
R means
Gas constant (1.987 cal/mol . Deg)
βπ»π means
Molar heat of fusion