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Illumination > Prelim > Flashcards

Prelim Flashcards

1
Q

Defined as the intensity of light per unit area. Referred as lighting or man-made lighting

A

Illumination

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2
Q

The optimization of energy consumption, with no sacrifice in lighting quality

A

Energy efficiency

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3
Q

The amount of illumination or luminous flux per unit area.

A

Quantity of light

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4
Q

The distribution of brightness in the lightning installation or the mixture of all the items related to illumination.

A

Quality of light

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5
Q

What are the four factors that affect illumination

A

> Brightness
Contrast
Glare
Diffuseness

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6
Q

What are the six elements that quality of light includes

A 
>Brightness
>Glare
>Color
>Psychological reaction to color and fixtures
>Contrast 
>Diffuseness
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7
Q

It is the light that seems to radiate from the object being viewed

A

Brightness

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8
Q

The difference in brightness of the brightness ratio between an object and its background

A

Contrast

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9
Q

It is a strong, steady, dazzling light or reflection. An excessive luminance and or excessive luminance ratio in the field of vision.

A

Glare

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10
Q

An annoying brightness of light in a person’s normal field of vision

A

Direct Glare

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11
Q

A more serious and difficult to control brightness reflected by a glossy object

A

Indirect or Reflected Glare

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12
Q

It is the control of shadows cast by light.

A

Diffuseness

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13
Q

A radiant energy that is capable of exciting the retina and producing a visual sensation

A

Light

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14
Q

The visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum extends from ___ to about ___ nanometers.

A

380 - 780 nanometers

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15
Q

In the electromagnetic spectrum, Light is located between ______ and ______ radiation

A

Ultraviolet - Infrared radiation

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16
Q

Longer wavelengths results to

A

Lower frequency and Lower energy

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17
Q

Shorter wavelengths results to

A

Higher frequency and Higher energy

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18
Q

1 watt at 555 nanometers is equivalent to how many lumens

A

683.0 lumens

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19
Q

What are the three types of reflection

A

> Specular
Spread
Diffuse

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20
Q

It is when an incident light hits an object and bounces off

A

Reflection

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21
Q

It is the region with slightly shorter wavelength immediately adjacent to the violent end of the visible spectrum

A

Ultraviolet

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22
Q

Shortest wavelengths (380 - 450 nm)

A

Violet

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23
Q

Longest wavelengths (630 - 770 nm)

A

Red

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24
Q

Wavelengths (450 - 490 nm)

A

Blue

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25
Q

Wavelengths (490 - 560 nm)

A

Green

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26
Q

Wavelengths (560 - 590 nm)

A

Yellow

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27
Q

Wavelengths (590 - 630 nm)

A

Orange

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28
Q

The least harmful and most commonly found type of UV light, often called black light for its relative harmlessness and ability to cause fluorescent materials to emit visible light.

A

UV-A

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29
Q

The most destructive form of UV for it is enough to damage biological tissue.

A

UV-B

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30
Q

A type of UV that is almost completely absorbed in air within a few hundred meters.

A

UV-C

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31
Q

The region with slightly longer wavelengths immediately adjacent to the red end of the visible spectrum

A

Infrared

32
Q

The longest wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum.

A

Radio Waves

33
Q

It has much higher energy and shorted wavelengths than ultraviolet light which lengths between (0.03 - 3) nanometers.

A

X - rays

34
Q

The smallest wavelengths and the most energy of any wave in the electromagnetic spectrum.

A

Gamma Rays

35
Q

It falls in the range of the electromagnetic spectrum between radio and infrared light.

A

Microwaves

36
Q

It is the measure of capability of a material to transmit incident light

A

Transmittance

37
Q

It is the measure of total light reflected

A

Reflectance

38
Q

It occurs when light is reflected away from the surface at the same angle as the incoming light’s angle

A

Specular reflection

39
Q

It occurs when an uneven surface reflects light at more than one angle

A

Spread reflection

40
Q

It occurs when a rough or matte surface reflects the light at many different angles

A

Diffuse reflection

41
Q

Diffuse Reflection is sometimes called

A

Lambertian Scattering

42
Q

It demonstrates the law of reflection, which states that the angle between the incident ray and a line that is normal to the surface is equal to the angle between the reflected ray and normal.

A

Specular reflection

43
Q

It occurs when photons from the incident light hit atoms and molecules and cause them to vibrate.

A

Absorption

44
Q

This occurs when light waves changes direction as they pass from one medium to another.

A

Refraction

45
Q

It is the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in the material

A

Index of refraction

46
Q

It shows the relationship between the incident angle and the refractive index

A

Snell’s law

47
Q

It occurs when light passes through an object that absorption, refraction, reflection and diffusion occur at once.

A

Transmission

48
Q

Instead of completely transmitting light, an object can absorb part or all of the incident light, usually by converting it into _____.

A

Heat

49
Q

It occurs when light strikes a rough surface and the light is reflected or transmitted in many different direction at once.

A

Diffusion

50
Q

It it the bending and spreading of waves around an obstacle

A

Diffraction

51
Q

It occurs when light bounces off an object in a variety of directions

A

Scattering

52
Q

What are the Three broad methods of illumination

A

> General Lighting
Local Lighting
Combined General and Local Lighting

53
Q

It is a part of the eye that the ray of light enters

A

Cornea

54
Q

It is the ability of the eye to adjust to higher or lower levels of luminance

A

Adaptation

55
Q

The ability of the eye to focus sharply on distant or close objects

A

Accommodation

56
Q

The cones operate during the day and nominal daylight conditions and enables us to see in detailed color.

A

Photopic Vision

57
Q

It is the receptors of the retina

A

Rods and Cones

58
Q

If light conditions are not bright , as the rods can only “ see” a black and white image. what vision is used

A

Mesopic Vision

59
Q

The eyes losses all its facility to see in color.

A

Scotopic Vision

60
Q

A special branch of radiometry in which visible light is being measured

A

Photometry

61
Q

It is the measurement on how much flux (lumens) is emitted within a small conical angle in a particular direction from a light source or luminaire

A

Luminous Intensity

62
Q

It is the unit of measurement of Luminous Intensity

A

Candela

63
Q

It is the measurement of the visible light outputs of lamps, where light is not directional. It refers to the visible light emitted in all directions at any given moment

A

Luminous Flux

64
Q

It is the total radiation being emitted from a light in all directions

A

Radiant Flux

65
Q

It is the unit of measurement of Luminous Flux

A

Lumens

66
Q

It is the density of Luminous power

A

Illuminance

67
Q

It is the unit of measurement of Illuminance

A

Lux

68
Q

It is the measure of the amount of light emitted from a surface

A

Luminance

69
Q

It is the unit measurement of Luminance

A

> Candela per square meter

>Footlambert

70
Q

1 footlambert is equivalent to how many candela per square meter

A

3.4263 cd/m^2

71
Q

Designed to give uniform and generally, diffuse lighting throughout the area under consideration.

A

General Lighting

72
Q

Provide a restricted area of relatively high intensity

A

Local Lighting

73
Q

Used in spaces where the general visual task is low, but supplementary is required in a limited area for particular task.

A

Combined General and Local Lighting

74
Q

A material that absorbs some wavelengths and transmits others

A

Transmissive Filter

75
Q

A material that absorbs some wavelengths and reflects others

A

Reflective Filter

Illumination (2 decks)

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