Prelim 2 Personality Flashcards
When considering the behavioral activation system (BAS), which of the following is a secondary reward?
money (Lecture on Personality Neuroscience)
As discussed In the article by Pinker, as well as the lecture on ‘Genes in context,’ which of the following statements is true with regards to the role of genes on the highly heritable physical trait of height?
A genome-wide scan accounted for less than 2 percent of the variability in height (see the article by Pinker, 2009 and the Lecture on Genes in Context section).
Charlie applied to a highly coveted internship. There are about 100 applicants for 1-2 positions and it’s in his area of interest. Charlie was invited for a one-on-one interview. The night before the interview, Charlie was very excited and felt optimistic. However, during the interview, the recruiter presented challenging problems that made Charlie think differently from how he normally thinks. In response to the recruiters’ questioning, Charlie was not able to change his thinking and then became frustrated and irritated. Given what you know about personality neuroscience, you might think that Charlie is …
High on BAS and low on executive control
(Lecture on Personality Neuroscience).
Angela also applied to the internship and was among a small handful of people invited for a one-on-one interview. Prior to the interview, Angela was extremely excited and thought she had a great opportunity to earn one of the coveted spots. When she faced the difficult questions from the recruiter, Angela did a good job at not getting flustered and was able to view the problem differently from how she typically does. Given what you know about personality neuroscience, Angela is likely to be…
High on BAS and high on executive control
(Lecture 10, Personality Neuroscience, slides 15-22 & 29-32).
As discussed in your textbook, which of the following is routinely linked to antisocial behaviors, such as partner assault?
Higher testosterone (Textbook ch. 8, page 297-300).
Janice is in a study where they are recording her electroencephalogram (EEG). She shows greater left vs. right EEG activity. Given this, you might expect that Janice is…
Optimistic and cheerful outlook (Lecture 8, Personality Neuroscience).
As discussed in the lecture on Genes in Context, which of the following statements is true:
The experience of life events reflect genetic factors
(Lecture on Genes in Context).
In the behavioral genetics lecture, you learned that personality traits are influenced by three main sources. Of these three sources, which is the smallest factor contributing to individual differences in personality traits?
Shared environment (Lecture 9, Behavioral Genetics).
What is the difference between saying that genetics are correlated with environments versus saying that genetics interact with environments?
The former reflects that people with different genotypes encounter different environments, whereas the latter reflects that people with different genotypes react differently to the same situation
(Lecture 10, Biology in Context).
Based on the lecture on temperament, what types of behaviors reflect toddlers’ self-regulation/ effort control?
Showing that they can stop an action (e.g., stop reaching for a desired toy). (Lecture on Personality Neuroscience; the discussion of temperament).
What is temperament?
Individual differences in characteristic ways of responding to the world present in early life from which adult personality develops.
ex: immature plant —> mature plant
Behavioral Repertoire
Refers to all the behaviors a person can do. The possibilities are endless: Throw a ball, make dinner, ride a bike, raise your hand, scratch your nose, pet a dog. Anything a person can do. Most often this term is used to refer to something a person cannot do.
Temperament vs. Personality
T:
1. Based in inherited biology, seen in early life (little effect of experience)
2. “how” - style of expression
3. ex: typical mood, chronic level of activity, degree of emotional reactivity
P:
1. Modified through maturation, interaction with environment and experiences.
2. “What” or “Why” - content that is expressed.
3. ex: beliefs, values, and personal goals.
Model of Temperament (Rothbart & Derryberry, 1981)
Based on psychobiological models (links with underlying neural networks)
-Broad dimensions (reactivity: affective, cognitive, behavioral. Extraversion, Negative affectivity, Self-regulation/Effortful control.
-Basis of adult personality
Reactivity in Temperament
- Arousability of physiological and behavioral systems
- stimulus intensity, novelty
- Latency, intensity, and recovery of response
