PRELIM Flashcards
1
Q
Wastewater
A
2
Q
Indicates the salt content
A
Electrical Conductivity
3
Q
Mass remain after evaporation at 103-105 deg C
A
Total solids
4
Q
Comprise inorganic salts and small amounts of organic matter dissolved in water
A
Total Dissolved Solids
5
Q
- Comprises solid particles suspended (but not dissolved) in water
- Lead to the development of sludge deposits and anaerobic conditions
A
Suspended Solids
6
Q
Indicates the amount of oxygen required by aerobic microorganisms to decompose the organic matter in a sample of water in a defined time period
A
Biochemical Oxygen Demand
7
Q
Indicates the oxygen equivalent of the organic matter content of a sample that is susceptible to oxidation by a strong chemical oxidant.
A
Chemical Oxygen Demand
8
Q
Show dissolved nitrogen
A
NH4-N and NO3-N
9
Q
A measurement of organically-bound ammonia nitrogen
A
Total Kjeldhal Nitrogen
10
Q
Reflects the amount of all forms of phosphorus in a sample
A
Total P
11
Q
Generated from bathing, dishwashing, and of course, when we flush the toilet.
A
Wastewater
12
Q
2 Types of Industrial Wastewater
A
Organic
Inorganic
13
Q
Deplete DO of stream and impose great load on secondary treatment unit
A
Organic Substances
14
Q
Cause eutrophication of water bodies, increase dissolved solids content and be harmful to aquatic life
A
Inorganic substances
15
Q
Affect the aquatic life of receiving water body and cause serious problem in operation of treatment units.
A
Acids and Alkalies
16
Q
Cause problems in the biological treatments
A
Toxic substances
17
Q
Impart objectionable color in the receiving water bodies
A
Color-producing substances
18
Q
Hinder self-purification and cause problem in oxygen diffusion
A
Oils
19
Q
Sa Bulgaria, unsa ang highest percent sa share of water consumed?
A
Electric power industry
20
Q
Sa Poland, unsa ang highest percent sa share of water consumed?
A
Electric power industry
21
Q
Sa Slovenia, unsa ang highest percent sa share of water consumed?
A
Paper industry
22
Q
Typical pollution loads of oil/gas field wastewater
A
Oil field
Gas field
23
Q
Typical pollution loads of oil refinery field wastewater
A
Desalter
Sour water
Tank bottom
Cooling tower
24
Q
Main concern is the quantity of effluent generated and the high chemical load it contains
A
Textile industry
25
The most significant environmental impacts are caused by: salts, detergents and organic acids.
Textile wastewater
26
Typical pollution loads of textile wastewater
Composites industries
Processing industries
Woolen industries
27
A biochemical process involving the use of Baker’s yeast, lactic acid bacillus, bacillus sp., and
various other microorganisms to produce a chemical product
Fermentation Process
28
Typical pollution loads of pharmaceutical industry wastewater
Chemical processes
Fermentation processes
29
Problems associated with various industrial wastewater
* Use of outdated technologies
* Presence of large number of small scale industries
* Unplanned industrial growth
* Lack of strict policies
* Inefficient wastewater treatment
* Difficulty to treat industrial wastewater
* Design of industrial wastewater treatment processes
30
In planning studies for the implementation of the wastewater treatment,
the following points must be addressed:
* Environmental impact studies on the receiving body
* Treatment objectives
* Treatment level and removal efficiencies
31
Wastewater Treatment Levels
Removal of coarse solids and grit
Preliminary
32
WTL
-removal of settleable solids, floating solids, and part of the organic matter
Primary
33
WTL
- removal of organic matter and possibly nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorous) by predominantly biological mechanism
Secondary
34
WTL
– removal of specific pollutants (usually toxic or non-biodegradable compounds) or the complementary removal of pollutants that were not sufficiently removed in the secondary treatment
Tertiary
35
Removal efficiency formula
E = ((Co-Ce)/Co)*100
36
treatment methods in which physical forces are predominant
Physical Unit Operations
treatment methods in which physical forces are predominant
Examples:
Screening
Mixing
Flocculation
Sedimentation
Flotation
Filtration
37
treatment methods in which the removal of the conversion of the contaminants occurs by the addition of chemical products or due to chemical reactions
Chemical Unit Processes:
Precipitation
Neutralization
Disinfection
38
treament methods in which the removal of the contaminant occurs by means of biological activity
Biological Unit Processes
39
Refers to the reduction in dissolved oxygen, plotted over a distance along a water body from a point at which sewage or other pollutants have been discharged.
Oxygen sag
40
Any identifiable source of pollution with specific
point of discharge into a particular water body, e.g.
a discharge pipe from a factory or sewage plant
Point-Source
41
any source of pollution not identifiable as point
source to include, but not be limited to, runoff from
irrigation or rainwater, which picks up pollutants
from farms and urban areas.
Nonpoint-Source
42
Objectives of RA 9275
1.) Develop and implement a
national program for the
protection, preservation,
and revival of the quality
of the country’s fresh,
brackish, and marine
water resources;
2.) To protect the country’s water
bodies from pollution from
land-based sources; and
3.) To provide comprehensive and
integrated strategy to prevent and
minimize pollution through
multi-sectoral and participatory
approach involving all stakeholders
43
Philippine Clean Water Act (RA 9275)
Dates
* Enacted
* Published
* Took effect
● Enacted on March 22, 2004
● Published on April 21,2004
● Took effect on May 6, 2004
44
Implementing Rules and Regulations of the PCWA of 2004 (DAO 2005-10)
Signed and published?
* Signed by DENR Secretary Michael T.
Defensor on May 16, 2005
● Published last May 26, 2005
45
DENR AO 2005-10
IRR of RA 9275
46
DENR AO 1990-35
Effluent Standards
47
DENR AO 2016-08
Water Quality Guidelines and
General Effluent Standards of 2016
48
DENR AO 1990-34
Water Quality Criteria (Guidelines)
49
Basic Compliance Requirements
* Secure Discharge Permit
* Comply with Discharge Permit Conditions
* Comply with Applicable Effluent Standards based
on effluent analysis through EMB-accredited
laboratory
* Completely Fill-out Module 3 of the Self Monitoring
Report
50
NWRB
National Water Resources Board
51
WQMA
Water Quality Management Area
52
Adopt-an-Estero/Water Body Program Objective
Mobilize estero communities in cleaning the estero
and enlist their active participation in the actual
clean up, and in implementing and preparing plans
to sustain a clean estero in the future years.
53
Agency vested to provide water supply and sewerage facilities and/or concessionaires are to connect existing sewage lines into available sewerage system
Highly Urbanized Cities (HUCs)
54
DPWH in coordination with DOH and other concerned agencies shall formulate guidelines for the disposal of sewage; employ septage or combined sewerage-septage management system
Non-HUCs
55
Why engage stakeholders and partners in the Adopt an Estero/Water Body Program?
- To institutionalize the program within the LGUs particularly
barangays, towards community empowerment
- To ensure sustainability of the program and benefits derived
- To boost public-private partnership
56
Section 13. Wastewater Charge System
→ Established on the basis of payment to
government for discharging wastewater into the
water bodies
→ Based on net waste load (diff. of initial load of
abstracted water to waste load of discharged
effluent),
→ Complying industries to be charged minimal
reasonable amount
57
PERMITS AND CHARGES FOR VIOLATIONS OF RA 9275
Fixed permit fee + variable load-based charge
58
(As tabulated, based on discharge
volume), validity of up to 5 yrs maximum, accrues to
NWQMF
Fixed permit fee
59
based on net waste load
(for now, only TSS or BOD); paid annually in advance,
accrues to AWQMF
Variable load-based charge
60
PERMIT FEE
* Annual fee per volumetric
rate of discharge
● Specifies quantity and
quality of effluent
(should not exceed
standards)
● Source of NWQMF
61
Inspection of Firms
Important Information:
1. Validity of permits
2. Self-Monitoring Reports (SMRs)-quarterly/monthly
3. Results of Laboratory Analysis (RLAs)-quarterly
4. Records – plant’s/WTF’s operation
5. Sources/volume/treatment/disposal of wastes
(solid, wastewater, hazardous wastes, etc.)
6. Discharges, no. of outlets, receiving body of water
& its classification
7. Other observations
62
* DENR - Lead Government Agency
* PCG - enforce water quality standards in marine waters,
specifically offshore sources
* DPWH - provide sewage and sanitation facilities
* DA - prepare guidelines for safe reuse of wastewater for
agricultural usage and control and abatement of pollution
from agri/aquacultural activities. (AO 2007 -26)
* DOH – set, revise, enforce drinking water quality standards
* DOST – evaluate, verify, develop and disseminate pollution
prevention and cleaner production technology
* DepED, CHED, DILG, and PIA – prepare and implement a comprehensive and continuing public education and information program
63
Prohibited Acts of RA 9275
A. discharging or depositing any water pollutant to
the water body which could cause water pollution,
or impede natural flow in the water body;
b.discharging, injecting or allowing to enter into
the soil, anything that would pollute groundwater;
c.operating facilities that discharges regulated
water pollutants without the required permits;
d.disposal of potentially infectious medical waste
into sea by vessels;
e. unauthorized transport or dumping into waters
of sewage sludge or solid waste;
F. transport, dumping or discharge of prohibited
chemicals, substances or pollutants listed under RA
6969 (toxic chemicals, hazardous – such as used oil
and nuclear waste control act);
g.discharging regulated water pollutants without the
valid required discharge permit;
h.refusal to allow entry, inspection and monitoring as
well as access to reports and records;
i.refusal or failure to submit reports and/or designate
Pollution Control Officer;
j.directly using booster pumps in the distribution
system or tampering with the water supply in such a
way to alter or impair the water quality;
k. operate facilities that discharge or allow to seep,
willfully or through grave negligence, prohibited
chemicals, substances, or pollutants listed under RA
6969, into water bodies;
l. undertake activities or development and expansion of
projects, or operating wastewater treatment/sewerage
facilities in violation of PD 1586 and its IRR;
64
Section 28. Fines, Damages, and Penalties
* P10,000-200,000/ day of violation
* subject to the PAB (Pollution Adjudication Board) discretion
65
DENR Administrative Order No. 2016-08
Water Quality Guidelines and General
Effluent Standards of 2016
∙ Classification of water bodies in the country
∙ Determination of time trends
∙ Evaluation of stages of deterioration/enhancement in
water quality
∙ Evaluation of the need fortaking actions in
preventing, controlling, or abating water pollution
∙ Designation of water quality areas
management (WQMA)
∙ Setting the General Effluent Standards (GES)
66
Section 3. Scope and Coverage of GES
The scope of the GES was defined to apply to
all point sources of pollution, regardless of
volume, that discharge to receiving body of
water or land and be used regardless of the
industry category.
67
Public Water Supply Class I – Intended primarily for waters having watersheds, which are uninhabited and/or otherwise declared as protected areas, and which require only approved disinfection to meet the latest PNSDW
Class AA
68
Public Water Supply Class II – Intended as sources of water supply requiring
conventional treatment (coagulation, sedimentation, filtration and disinfection) to
meet the latest PNSDW
Class A
69
Recreational Water Class I – Intended for primary contact recreation (bathing, swimming, etc.)
Class B
70
1. Fishery Water for the propagation and growth of fish and other aquatic resources
2. Recreational Water Class II – For boating, fishing, or similar activities
3. For agriculture, irrigation, and livestock watering
Class C
71
1. Protected Waters – Waters designated as national or local marine parks, reserves,
sanctuaries, and other areas established by law (Presidential Proclamation 1801
and other existing laws), and/or declared as such by appropriate government
agency, LGUs, etc.
2. Fishery Water Class I – Suitable for shellfish harvesting for direct human
consumption
Class SA
72
1. Fishery Water Class II – Waters suitable for commercial propagation of shellfish
and intended as spawning areas for milkfish (Chanos chanos) and similar species
2. Tourist Zones – For ecotourism and recreational activities
3. Recreational Water Class I – Intended for primary contact recreation
(bathing, swimming, skin diving, etc.)
Class SB
73
1. Fishery Water Class III – For the propagation and growth of fish and other aquatic
resources and intended for commercial and sustenance fishing
2. Recreational Water Class II – For boating, fishing, or similar activities
3. Marshy and/or mangrove areas declared as fish and wildlife sanctuaries
Class SC
74
Navigable waters
Class SD
75
Section 7. General Effluent Standards
The GES shall be enforced to all point
sources of pollution, regardless of
volume, that discharge to receiving body
of water or land and be used regardless
of the industry category
76
A technical person competent in pollution control and
environmental management, performing the duties
and responsibilities in a particular establishment and
officially accredited by the EMB Regional Office
Pollution Control Officer (PCO
77
Lead government agency
DENR
