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QAQC > Prelim > Flashcards

Prelim Flashcards

1
Q

MEANS ANY FACILITY IN WHICH AN X-RAY SYSTEM(S) IS USED IN ANY PROCEDURE THAT INVOLVES IRRADIATION OF ANY PART OF THE HUMAN OR ANIMAL BODY FOR THE PURPOSE OF DIAGNOSIS OR VISUALIZATION.

A

Diagnostic radiology facility

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2
Q

Part of diagnostic radiology facility

A

Offices of individual physicians, dentists, podiatrist, chirropractors, veterinarians, mobile laboratories, clinics and hosipitals.

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3
Q

Diagnostic procedure general notes

A

History, Any admission, Child bearing age/pregnant, Consent, Privacy, Previous film and note review, Intervention, risk of bleeding, Bowel cleansing, Premedication, Through explanation

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4
Q

Essential before getting an x-ray especially if they are breastfeeding or might be pregnant, small amounts of radiation will be exposed that can be dangerous for developing fetus, depending on circumstance another imaging test maybe used to avoid radiation

A

Consultation before the procedure

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5
Q

Depending on type of x-ray test, usually only for certain x-ray of digestive tract, fasting normally requires to not eat or drink for 8-12 hrs b4 test, if regularly take medication and are required to fast b4 an x-ray take the medicine only with a small sip of water

A

Need for fasting

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6
Q

Dress comfortably for an x-ray, loose clothing that can easily remove, if receiving a chest x-ray will normally undress from the waist up, in this case a hospital gown is to be wear during the exam

A

Attire

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7
Q

It is best to leave jewelry at home, glasses need to remove these as well

A

Remove all jewelry, glasses and metal objects

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8
Q

Procedure for an abnormal x-ray, do not drink excessively on the morning of the procedure

A

Empty bladder prior

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9
Q

Some x-ray test require to drink a contrast medium that helps outline a specific area of body on the x-ray image.
- drink a solution of barium or iodine
-swallow a pill
-receive an injection

A

Drink contrast medium

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10
Q

Holding breath to show up more clearly chest and lung on the x-ray image, To hold still and/or move to different positions, Body position between the machine and a plate that creates the digital image

A

Some manuever

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11
Q

An x-ray is a painless procedure during which x-ray beam passes through body an record and image, This procedure usually takes minutes for bone x-rays but can go longer if a contrast medium is used.

A

Pain

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12
Q

Means the planned and systematic actions that provide adequate confidence that a diagnostic x-ray facility will produce consistently high quality image with minimum exposure of px and personnel, a system which attempts to maintain a high quality of work all around

A

Quality assurance

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13
Q

Objectives of QA program

A
  • Maintain optimal quality of diagnostic images
  • reduce unnecessary radiation exposure to px and staff
  • to be cost effective
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14
Q

An organized effort by staff operating a facility to ensure that the diagnostic images produced are of sufficiently high quality so that they consistently provide adequate diagnostic information at the lowesr possible cost and with the least possible exposure of the px to radiation

A

Quality assurance progam

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15
Q

Included in Quality assurance progam

A
  1. Administrative procedure
  2. Preventive maintenance procedure
  3. Training
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16
Q

Procedures are design to verify that. Testing is effective the test are performed regularly and correctly results evaluated promptly and accurately and the necessary action taken, these include recommendations regarding the resposibility for QA actions, staff training, equipment standards, and selection of appropriate equipement for each examination

A

Administrative procedure

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17
Q

Are performed on a regularly scheduled basis with the goal of preventing breakdowns due to equipment failing without warning signs detectable by monitoring, visual inspections of the mechanical and electrical characteristics of x-ray system, following manufacturer’s recommendated procedure, regular inspection and replacement of switches and parts.

A

Preventive maintenance procedure

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18
Q

Qa program include means to provide appropriate training for all personnel with QA responsibilities to ensure each meet a minimum level of competency to perform qc test correctly and consistently, companies whose sole purpose is training as well as service and repair companies and facility’s medical physicist can provide seminars & training courses on how to perform QC test

A

Training

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19
Q

Personnel in the QA program who are responsible for oversight of qa program, setting goals and direction determining polices and assessing the effectiveness of qa activities, they have an overall documented strategy with clearly defined work plans to achieve goals and objectives of radiology department

A

QA committee

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20
Q

QA committee members include

A
  1. Medical physicist
  2. Radiologist
  3. Biomed engineer
  4. Medical imaging technologist or radiograpgher
  5. Information technology technician
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21
Q

AN INDIVIDUAL WHO IS COMPETENT TO INDEPENDENTLY PRACTICE IN ONE OR MORE OF THE SUBFIELDS IN MEDICAL PHYSICS. ADVISING THE FACILITY ON RADIATION PROTECTION OF THE PATIENT, STAFF AND MEMBERS OF THE PUBLIC. CONDUCTING TESTS TO ENSURE THE SAFETY AND PROPER PERFORMANCE OF IMAGING EQUIPMENT USED.

A

Medical physicist

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22
Q

Medical doctor who specialize in diagnosis and treatment of disease and injury by using medical imaging technologies, determine the overall quality of output image.

A

Radiologist

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23
Q

__ use thier knowledge of modern biological principles in their engineering principle to design and develop devices and procedure that solve medical and health-related problems. Corrective and preventive maintenance, fault reporting.

A

Biodmedical engineer

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24
Q

Ensuring that the appropriate protocol and technique factors are used for the requested examination, ensuring. that qc test are performed, interpreted and recorded appropriately, perfrom all the checks for daily, monthly and quaterly qc testing of equipment. report faults immediately any deviation in trend of equipment. performance to qa manager

A

Medical imaging technologist or radiographer

25
Q

A key element of any digital radiology facility that intends to store, review and distribute images electronically or using hard copy. Three responsibility includes planning, deployment and testing.

A

Information technology technician

26
Q

A pracital exercise which carries out quality checks, the mean by which, each are of interest is monitored and evaluated, measures used to evaluate performance and outcome.

A

Quality control (QC)

27
Q

Included in Quality control program

A

Acceptance testing, routine performance evaluation, error corrections

28
Q

Test conducted on every new x-ray facilities x-ray machine, cassettes, IS, and grids. This test is carried out prior to its clinical usage to show if the equipment is performing within manufacturer’s specification. Test must be done by someone other than the manufacturer or his representative.

A

Acceptance testing

29
Q

With use, these x-ray equipment deteriorate. This necessitates the periodic quality control evaluation of these equipments, that is, these are quality control tested conducted on these equipments to see if the equipment will meet predestined requirements.

A

Routine performance evaluation

30
Q

When these equipment performances are not optimal or do not meet predetermined requirements or errors found after the quality control test has been conducted actions are taken to effect correction on them

A

Error corrections

31
Q

Benefits of quality control

A

Customer satifaction, leading to customer/client loyalty, profit will increase

32
Q

Means an assemblage of components for the controlled production of diagnostic images with x-rays

A

X-ray system

33
Q

X-ray system includes?

A

X-ray high voltage generator, x-ray control, tube housing assembly, beam limiting device, IR, image processor. View box, darkrooms

34
Q

Regulations and regulatory agencies

A

World health organization (WHO), international commission on radiologic protection (ICRP), international atomic energy agency (IAEA), international commission on radiological units (ICRU), philippine nuclear resarch institute (PNRI), radiation health service (RHS OLD) bureau of health devices and technology (BHDT NEW)

35
Q

Founded in 1948 and is a specialised agency of UN

A

World health organization

36
Q

4 main functions of WHO

A

To give world guidance in field of health, to set global standards of health, to cooperate with governments in strengthening national health service program, to develop and transfer appropriate health technology, information and standard

37
Q

An independent, international, non-governmental organization, with the mission to provide recommendations and guidance on radiation protection

A

International commission on radiological protection

38
Q

The government is responsible in the regulation of the use of transport and storage or radioactive materials. It is the local counterpart of IAEA

A

Philippine nuclear research institute

39
Q

Defines the unit and icrp recommends, develops and maintains the international system of radiological protection which uses these units. Its objective is to develop concepts, definitions and recommendations for the use of quantities and their units for ionizing radiation and its interaction with matter.

A

International commission on radiation units and measurements

40
Q

A specialized agency of the UN which was organized in 1957 in order to promote the peaceful uses of nuclear energy. Its main concern is the practical application of ICRP recommendations. Provide international safeguards against misuse of nuclear technology and nuclear materials, and promote nuclear safety (including radiation protection)

A

International atomic energy agency

41
Q

An agency in the DOH which is responsible for the regulation of use and importation of all radiation-emitting equipments such as x-ray machines microwaves ovens, etc. main concern is to ensure the safe use of this equipment which could pose harmful effects on the population. Also regulates the user by conducting annual liscensure examination for x-ray techs particularly those who are operating medical radiation equipment

A

Radiation health service or bereau of health devices and technology

42
Q

__ in any work enviroment are very important. It is the reponsiblity of all heads of department to ensure that injury or sickness due to working condition is kept a minimum.

A

Health and safety

43
Q

Radiography involves working with

A

Machinery, electricity, hazardous chemicals, radiation and patients

44
Q

Regularly inspects all __. Do not attempt to repair anything you do not understand, call an x-ray engineer if you are unable to fix the problem.

A

Machinery

45
Q

Consult a qualified electrician or x-ray engineer. Regularly inspect all electrical equipment, cables and connections. DO NOT ATTEMPT TO REPAIR ANYTHING YOU DO NOT UNDERSTAND.

A

Electricity

46
Q

Adequate fire fighting equipment instructions and evacuation procedures must be in place at all times

A

Fire

47
Q

Fire equipment

A

Fire extinguishers

48
Q

Fire fighting instructions

A

Readily available, staff training, annual refresher courses

49
Q

Evacuation process

A

Instructions readily available, recognised assembly points, responsibilities clearly defined, staff training, smoke detectors in all rooms, hoses in central areas

50
Q

Hazardous chemical (law and regulation to be followed)

Risk involves are?

A

Inhaling fumes or powders, swallowing, contact with skin or eyes

51
Q

Hazardous chemical (law and regulation to be followed)

When mixing solutions

A

Work in a well ventilated room, avoid skin or eye contact with chemicals, avoid splashes, wash equipment used after mixing, clean up any spills or splashes

52
Q

Hazardous chemical (law and regulation to be followed)

When processing films

A

Avoid eye or skin contact with chemicals, clean up any splashes ASAP, replace any tank lids when finished

53
Q

Hazardous chemical (law and regulation to be followed)

First aid treatement
Skin contact
eye contact
inhaled
swallowed

A

wash thoroughly in water immediately,
wash eye thoroughly immediately,
move out into fresh air immediately and seek medical advice,
wash mouth and lips in clean water and seek medical advice immediately.

54
Q

Radiation follow national laws and regulations

A

Use ongoing personal monitoring system, Don’t produce x-radiation unnecessarily, keep clear of primary radiation beam, keep clear of any scattered radation, minimize repeat film, collimate beam as much as possible, close door to x-ray room when exposing

55
Q

Working with px

A

Use appropriate moving/handling aids when neccessary and when available, encourage px to move themselves where possible.

56
Q

Cross infection

A

Follow infection control procedures, beware of any indication that pc maybe infectious, wash hands before and after each contact

57
Q

A room in a hospital or similar facility for the storage and processing of light-sensitive materials such as x-ray film. Room from which normal light is excluded, made completely dark to allow processing of light sensitive photographic materials

A

Dark room

58
Q

A darkroom must?

A

Suitable size, not allow white light to enter, suitable secure entrance, appropriate safe lighting, adequate white lighting, adequate ventilation, adequate drainage, convenient layout, hot and cold running water supply, radiation proof, in good condition, adequate storage space

QAQC (3 decks)

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