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RADIATION PROTECTION > Prelim > Flashcards

Prelim Flashcards

1
Q

concerned with providing occupational radiation protection and minimizing dose to the public

A

health physics

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2
Q

a radiation scientist who is concerned with the research, teaching or operational aspects of radiation safety

A

health physicist

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3
Q

rationale: the linear non-threshold radiation dose relationship (LNT) for stochastic effects

A

ALARA

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4
Q

3 cardinal principles

A

time
distance
shielding

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5
Q

time of exposure should be kept to a minimum

A

minimize time

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6
Q

radiation dose is ________ related to the duration of exposure

A

radiation dose is DIRECTLY related to the duration of exposure

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7
Q

it reminds the radiologist that a considerable amount of fluoroscopic time has elapsed

A

5 minutes reset timer

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8
Q

radiation dose is ________ related to the distance between the source & the patient

A

radiation dose is INVERSELY related to the distance between the source & the patient

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9
Q

it states that the intensity of radiation at a location is inversely proportional to the square of its distance from the source of radiation

A

inverse square law

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10
Q

it states that one can compensate for a change in the source-to-object distance by changing the mAs by the factor SID squared

A

square law

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11
Q

it was used to calculate exposure in radiographic technique

A

square law

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12
Q

it greatly reduces the level of radiation exposure

A

shielding

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13
Q

composition of shielding

A

lead

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14
Q

protective apron is composed of

A

0.5 mm Pb

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15
Q

it reduces occupational exposure to 25%

A

protective apron

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16
Q

the thickness of absorber necessary to reduce radiation intensity to half its original value

A

half value layer

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17
Q

the thickness of absorber necessary to reduce radiation intensity to one-tenth its original value

A

tenth value layer (TVL)

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18
Q

the equivalent whole body dose

A

effective dose

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19
Q

it must be contained within protective housing

A

protective xray tube housing

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20
Q

it reduces leakage radiation

A

protective xray tube housing

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21
Q

leakage radiation must be less than ____ mR/hr at a distance of 1 m from the protective housing

A

leakage radiation must be less than 100 mR/hr at a distance of 1 m from the protective housing

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22
Q

it must indicate the condition of exposure

A

control panel

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23
Q

it must positively indicate when the xray tube is energized

A

control panel

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24
Q

what collimator should be used for special examination?

A

cones and diaphragms

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25
Q

light-localized, variable-aperture, rectangular ________ should be provided

A

light-localized, variable-aperture, rectangular COLLIMATORS should be provided

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26
Q

the xray beam and the light beam must coincide to within _% of the SID

A

the xray beam and the light beam must coincide to within 2% of the SID

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27
Q

each radiographic tube should be provided with a mechanism

A

beam alignment

28
Q

its purpose is to ensure proper alignment of the xray beam and the IR

A

beam alignment

29
Q

All general-purpose diagnostic x-ray beams must have a total filtration
(inherent plus added) of at least ____ mm Al when operated above 70 kVp

A

All general-purpose diagnostic x-ray beams must have a total filtration
(inherent plus added) of at least 2.5 mm Al when operated above 70 kVp

30
Q

Radiographic tubes operated between 50 and 70 kVp must have at least
____ mm Al filtration

A

Radiographic tubes operated between 50 and 70 kVp must have at least
1.5 mm Al filtration

31
Q

At below 50 kVp, a minimum of ____ mm Al total filtration is
required

A

At below 50 kVp, a minimum of 0.5 mm Al total filtration is
required

32
Q

For any radiographic technique, the output radiation intensity should be constant form one exposure to another. This is checked by making repeated radiation exposures through the same technique and observing the average variation in radiation intensity.

A

reproducibility

33
Q

the exposure switch should be at least _ m from x-ray tube during exposure in mobile x-ray imaging system

A

the exposure switch should be at least 2 m from x-ray tube during exposure in mobile x-ray imaging system

34
Q

the variation in x-ray intensity should not exceed _%

A

the variation in x-ray intensity should not exceed 5%

35
Q

what does TVL equal to?

A

3.3 HVL

36
Q

the features of _________ imaging
systems that follow are usually the intended primarily to reduce patient radiation dose

A

the features of FLUOROSCOPIC imaging systems that follow are usually the intended primarily to reduce patient radiation dose

37
Q

the fluoroscopic exposure control should be of the _____ _____ type

A

the fluoroscopic exposure control should be of the DEAD MAN type

38
Q

SSD must not less than __ cm on stationary fluoroscopes

A

SSD must not less than 38 cm on stationary fluoroscopes

39
Q

SSD must not less that __ cm on mobile fluoroscopes

A

SSD must not less that 30 cm on mobile fluoroscopes

40
Q

the fluoroscopic image receptor assembly serves as a _______ _____ _______ and must be 2 mm Pb equivalent

A

the fluoroscopic image receptor assembly serves as a PRIMARY PROTECTIVE BARRIER and must be 2 mm Pb equivalent

41
Q

____ should be measured when filtration is unknown

A

HVL

42
Q

total filtration

A

2.5 mm Al

43
Q

unexposed border should be visible at all heights above the tabletop

A

automatic collimators

44
Q

it is moved at the end of the table during fluoroscopy

A

bucky tray

45
Q

it should be positioned between fluoroscopist and patient

A

protective curtain

46
Q

it produces an audible sound when the fluoroscopic time has exceeded 5 minutes

A

cumulative timer

47
Q

the intensity of the x-ray beam at the tabletop of a fluoroscopy should not exceed ___ mGy/min (2.1 R/min) for each mA of operation at 80 kVp

A

2.1 mGy/min

48
Q

3 types of radiation

A

useful
leakage
scater

49
Q

lead bonded to sheet rock or wood panelling is used most often as a _______ _______ ______

A

lead bonded to sheet rock or wood panelling is used most often as a PRIMARY PROTECTIVE BARRIER

50
Q

what can be used instead of lead in primary barrier?

A

concrete, concrete block or brick

51
Q

it results when the useful beam intercepts any objects causing some x-rays to be scattered

A

scatter radiation

52
Q

radiation emitted from the x-ray tube housing in all directions other than that of the useful beam

A

leakage radiation

53
Q

limit of leakage radiation

___ mR/hr at 1 m

A

100 mR/hr at 1 m

54
Q

it is designed to shield areas from secondary radiation which is less thick than primary radiation

A

secondary barrier

55
Q

composition of secondary barrier

A

gypsum board
glass
lead acrylic

56
Q

radiologic technologists receive most of their occupational radiation exposure during __________

A

radiologic technologists receive most of their occupational radiation exposure during FLUOROSCOPY

57
Q

The intensity of scattered radiation 1 meter from the patient is approximately ___ % of the intensity of the useful beam at the patient

A

The intensity of scattered radiation 1 meter from the patient is approximately 0.1 % of the intensity of the useful beam at the patient

58
Q

6 factors that affect barrier thickness

A

distance
occupancy
control
workload
use factor
kvp

59
Q

the use of the area that is being protected

A

occupancy

60
Q

an area occupied primarily by radiology personnel & patients

A

controlled area

61
Q

an area that can be occupied by anyone

A

uncontrolled area

62
Q

product of the maximum mA & the number of x-ray examinations performed per week

A

workload

63
Q

the percentage of time during which the x-ray beam is on & directed toward a particular protective barrier

A

use factor

64
Q

it is used as a measure of penetrability

A

kilovolt peak (kVp)

65
Q

8 radiographic features

A

protective housing
control panel
collimator
positive beam limitation
filtration
operation shield
mobile x-ray imaging system

RADIATION PROTECTION (3 decks)

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