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RADIATION PROTECTION > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

radiation detection instrument operates in the ____ or ____ mode

A

radiation detection instrument operates in the PULSE or RATE mode

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2
Q

the practice of measuring the intensity of radiation

A

dosimetry

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3
Q

the radiation-measuring devices

A

dosimeters

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4
Q

designed to detect or measure radiation

A

radiation detection instrument

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5
Q

5 radiographic detectors

A

photographic emulsion
gas filled detectors
scintillation detectors
thermoluminescenct detectors
optically stimulated detectors

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6
Q

earliest radiation detection device

it is limited range, sensitive and energy dependent

personnel monitoring and emulsion imaging

A

photographic emulsion

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7
Q

it is used widely as a device to measure radiation intensity & to detect radioactive contamination

A

gas filled detectors

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8
Q

3 types of gas filled detectors

A

ionization chamber
proportional counter
geiger-muller counter

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9
Q

in general, the larger the chamber, the more gas molecules are available for ionization and, therefore the more sensitive the instrument

A

gas filled detectors

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10
Q

the instrument of choice for measuring radiation intensity

it is wide range, accurate and portable

survey for radiation levels 1mR/hr

A

ionization chamber

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11
Q

it is used for contamination control in nuclear medicine laboratories

it is limited to 100 mR/hr and portable

survey for low radiation levels and radioactive contamination

A

geiger-muller counter

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12
Q

it has the ability to distinguish between alpha & beta radiation

it is laboratory equipment, accurate and sensitive

array of small quantities of radionuclides

A

proportional counter

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13
Q

basis for the gamma camera and it is used in the detectors arrays of CT imaging system

it is used as IR in digital imaging system

it is limited range, very sensitive and stationary or portable instruments

A

scintillation detectors

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14
Q

when exposed to ionizing radiation the crystals in TLD undergo structural changes that remains essentially stable until the crystal is heated. When heated, the stored energy is released as light

A

thermoluminescence dosimetry (TLD)

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15
Q

its uses as a personnel monitoring, stationary and area monitoring device

A

thermoluminescence dosimetry

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16
Q

developed by Laundauer in late 1990s

more sensitive than TLD, reanalysis, wide dynamic range and excellent long term stability

A

optically stimulated luminescence dosimetry

17
Q

3 ways of estimation of patient dose

A

entrance skin dose/ESE
mean marrow dose/MMD
genetically significant dose/GSD

18
Q

x-ray exposure to the skin and is most often is referred to as the patient dose

A

entrance skin dose/ESE

19
Q

3 methods of estimation of ESE

A

TLD
nomogram
know the output intensity for at least one operating condition

20
Q

average radiation dose to the entire active bone marrow

estimated from ESE

A

mean marrow dose/MMD

21
Q

average gonadal dose given to members of the population who are of childbearing age

A

genetically significant dose/GSD

22
Q

acceptable techniques in mammography

A

screen film
digital mammography

23
Q

__________ examination should not be performed when there is no precise medical indication

A

ROUTINE EXAMINATION should not be performed when there is no precise medical indication

24
Q

in hospital admission, ______ _____ examinations should not be performed for routine hospital admission when no clinical indication of disease is found

A

CHEST XRAY EXAMINATIONS should not be performed for routine hospital admission when no clinical indication of disease is found

25
Q

in pre employment physical, _______ and _____ _____ xray examination are not justified

A

in pre employment physical, CHEST and LOWER BACK xray examination are not justified

26
Q

in periodic health examination, it should not include ______ examination for asymptomatic patient, especially fluoroscopic examination

A

in periodic health examination, it should not include XRAY examination for asymptomatic patient, especially fluoroscopic examination

27
Q

in emergency room CT, __________ must be controlled

A

in emergency room CT, OVERUTILIZATION must be controlled

28
Q

3 highest repeat rate examination

A

lumbar
thoracic
abdomen

29
Q

higher ____ : reduces ____

reduced patient dose
too low contrast

A

higher kVp : reduces mAs

reduced patient dose
too low contrast

30
Q

it is essential to good radiographic technique

A

proper collimation

31
Q

general radiography have ___ speed system

A

general radiography have 400 speed system

32
Q

results of fast screens

A

quantum mottle

33
Q

two types of specific area shielding

A

contact shield
shadow shield

34
Q

shields that are flat & are placed directly on the patient’s gonads

A

contact shield

35
Q

shields that is suspended over the region of interest

A

shadow shield

36
Q

shadow shield is applied in ________

A

shadow shield is applied in SURGERY

RADIATION PROTECTION (3 decks)

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