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Low vision > PRELIM > Flashcards

PRELIM Flashcards

1
Q

Visual function impairment where full remediation is not possible by conventional spectacles, contact lenses or medical intervention.

A

Low vision

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2
Q

terms used interchangeably with low vision

A

visually impaired
partially blind
Partially sighted
Visually challenged
Subnormal vision

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3
Q

carries the perception that “all sight is gone”

A

Blind

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4
Q

broader spectrum of sight loss

A

Visual impairment

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5
Q

Visual acuity of 20/70 or worse with the best conventional optical correction

A

Subnormal vision

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6
Q

reduced central acuity or VF loss which even with the best optical correction provided by regular lenses, still results in visual impairment

A

low vision

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7
Q

conditions encompassing the continuum from partial sight to blindness

A

vision impairment

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8
Q

visual acuity less than 3/60 in the better eye after best possible correction

A

Blindness by WHO

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9
Q

No usable vision with the exception of light perception

A

Blindness

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10
Q

visual acuity 20/400 or less than 20/70 in the better eye after best possible correction

A

Low vision by WHO

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11
Q

Functional vision impairment

A

Insufficient visual resolution
Inadequate field of vision
Reduced peak contrast sensitivity
Insufficient visual resolution or reduced peak contrast sensitivity

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12
Q

refers to a significant reduction of visual capability resulting from some pathological conditions that cannot be corrected

A

Functional vision impairment

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13
Q

VA less than 20/200 or less in the better seeing eye with best correction

A

Legal blindness

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14
Q

Individual’s functional visual ability in spite of loss, how an individual develops creative ways of adapting to various situations.

A

Visual efficiency

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15
Q

Near VA worse than N6 or M .08 at 40cm with existing correction

A

Near Vision Impairment

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16
Q

impairment can take the form of visual field loss as follows:

A
  1. Scotoma involving the central area (within the 10 degrees of fixation)
  2. Generalized contraction and constriction
  3. Homonymous bilateral visual field defects
  4. Heteronymous bilateral visual field defects
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17
Q

gives rise to anatomical changes in visual organs

A

visual disorder

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18
Q

functional loss from a visual disorder

A

visual impairment

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19
Q

gives rise to vision-related changes in the skills and abilities

A

visual disability

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20
Q

psychosocial and economic consequence of visual loss

A

visual handicap

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21
Q

Person with this visual disturbance describes distortion of vision. Objects appear to bulge, curve or look funny

A

Metamorphopsia

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22
Q

patients with such condition indicate a diminution of vision, haziness, or foggy vision

A

lower central acuity or fluctuating vision

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23
Q

Patient cannot detect colors or functional observations show that they have trouble identifying colors

A

Color vision defects

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24
Q

Persons report they have vision in specified sectors of the visual field and parts of the object to be viewed are always missing.

A

Visual field defects

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25
Q

Persons indicate decreased vision at night and difficulty in performing specific task at night. This condition can be confirmed by clinical test or electrodiagnostic testing.

A

Night blindness

26
Q

Persons with this condition sees floaters or spots before their eyes, which momentarily interferes with vision. Such symptoms may indicate an acute pathology.

A

Entopic images

27
Q

Persons with this condition reports that the world seems to be moving or jumping around. This condition may be sign of neurological disorders. Therefore patient should be referred to a neurologist.

A

Oscillopsia

28
Q

absence of eye pigment

A

Albinism

29
Q

partially or complete absence of iris

A

aniridia

30
Q

present at birth or become apparent in the first year of life. It causes significant visual morbidity because of associated amblyopia, even with early surgical treatment; most common cause of leukocoria.

A

Congenital cataract

31
Q

Rare life-threatening tumor with complex genetic inheritance; most common cause of leukocoria

A

Retinoblastoma

32
Q

Often presents with a “watery eye”

A

Congenital glaucoma

33
Q

Rare causes of poor central vision. High refractive errors should always be kept in mind in these cases.

A

Nystagmus

34
Q

death of retinal ganglion cells

A

Optic atrophy

35
Q

baby was of low birthweight of less than 1500 g or born earlier than 37 weeks

A

Retinopathy of Prematurity

36
Q

The pupillary reflexes are normal, as are the optic discs, but the baby may be photophobic. The fundus will appear albinotic or blond.

A

Ocular albinism

37
Q

Manifests with normal ophthalmic findings, including the presence of normal pupillary reflexes. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is abnormal; baby often has signs of developmental delay and may have midline defects including cleft lip or palate.

A

Cerebral blindness

38
Q

Involves no ophthalmological or electrophysiological abnormality. The baby is often premature or small for dates. Although prognosis for vision is generally good, a small proportion of patients are left with a residual deficit.

A

Delayed visual development

39
Q

Often shows no abnormality on fundoscopy in the early stages, however the optic discs can sometimes appear slightly pale and early thinning of the arterioles

A

Leber’s congenital amaurosis

40
Q

signs may include the presence of nystagmus, slugging pupillary reflexes and the characteristic optic disc double ring sign.

A

Optic disc hypoplasia

41
Q

Result of Complex hereditary and environmental factors

A

High myopia

42
Q

Genetic condition that affects connective tissue of the fibrillin gene that affects the cardiovascular system, musculoskeletal, and ophthalmic systems

A

Marfan’s syndrome

43
Q

Early onset may report night blindness or restriction of visual field.

A

Retinitis pigmentosa

44
Q

Progressive anteroposterior elongation of the scleral envelope associated with a range of secondary ocular changes

A

Pathological myopia

45
Q

Inflammation of the optic nerve, most common cause of unilateral painful visual loss in a young adult.

A

Optic neuritis

46
Q

Lesions of inflammation encompasses the clinical entities of retinitis, choroiditis, and retinal vasculitis

A

Posterior uveitis

47
Q

Serous retinal detachments commonly seen in the macular region

A

Central serous retinopathy

48
Q

Conditions affecting the elderly

A

ARMD
DR
HR
G
C
CRVO
CRAO

49
Q

It is used to classify diseases and other health problems recorded on many types of health and vital records including death certificates and health records.

A

International classification of disease

50
Q

who are the low vision patients

A

patients with congenital eye disease and degenerative diseases

51
Q

Most common cause of nontraumatic ectopia lentis

A

Marfan’s syndrome

52
Q

most common cause of unilateral painful visual loss in a young adult.

A

Optic neuritis

53
Q

Affects the ability to see the objects or people in direct line of vision

A

Central visual field loss

54
Q
  • Difficulty with individual travel
  • Banging with obstacles on the sides such as furniture
  • Need for increased in illumination
A

Peripheral visual field loss

55
Q
  • Decreased visual efficiency: visual skills (scanning and tracking), saccades (horizontal and vertical)
  • Light and dark adaptation
A

Peripheral visual field loss

56
Q

Affects ability to perceive sharpness of details due to alteration in the refractive media of the eye

A

Over-all blur

57
Q
  • Patient may suffer double vision
  • Problems with poor night vision, poor contrast, and glare
  • Difficulty judging distance
A

Over-all blur

58
Q

A person with limited distance vision may have difficulties:

A
  • Learning by imitation
  • Understanding non-verbal communication
  • Integrating senses (visual/auditory, visual/tactical, visual/olfactory, visual/gustatory)
  • With independent mobility
59
Q

A person with limited near vision may have difficulties:

A
  • Reading and writing
  • With personal care and hygiene
  • Preparing food and eating
  • Taking care of clothes
60
Q

A person with restricted field of vision may have difficulties:

A
  • With general functioning
  • Finding objects
  • With independent mobility

Low vision (5 decks)

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