Prelim

Question 1

NUCLEAR MEDICINE- Branch of medicine and medical imaging that uses a small amount of what we call ____, or radiopharmaceuticals, to diagnose disease and to treat disease, including many types of cancers, heart diseases and certain other abnormalities within the body.

Answer 1

radio tracers

Question 2

discovers Uranium and named it after the planet Uranius

Answer 2

Martin Klaproth

Question 3

uses Uranium and radium to discover alpha and beta rays, type of radiation

Answer 3

Henri Becquerel

Question 4

discovers gamma rays

Answer 4

Paul Villard

Question 5

first used the word “radiation” to describe the rays they were finding; they also discovered POLONIUM & RADIUM

Answer 5

Pierre and Marie Curie

Question 6

used radiation to kill bacteria in food

Answer 6

Samuel Prescott

Question 7

____ and ___ establishes the theory of Nuclear Reactions (by bombarding alpha and beta particles)

Answer 7

Ernest Rutherford
Frederick Soddy

Question 8

– Father of Nuclear Medicine, conceives the idea of radioactive tracers

Answer 8

George von Hevesy

Question 9

, a Boston physician, first used radioactive tracers to diagnose heart diseases.

Answer 9

1927 – Herman Blumgart

Question 10

1934 – discovery of artificial radioactivity by

Answer 10

Frederic JoliotCurie and Irene Joliot-Curie

Question 11

1937 – discovery of Fe-59, JFG
- .Technitium99m discovered by ___ as an artificial element to fill space number 43 in the periodic table

Answer 11

John Livingwood, Fred
Fairbrother, Glenn Seaborge

C. Perrier and E. Segre,

Question 12

– negatively charged and the lightest
among the subatomic particles
- atomic mass of ___ or approximately ___

Answer 12

Electron
1/1836
1/2000

Question 13

The property of certain nuclides
to spontaneously emit radiation
in form of alpha, beta, and
gamma rays and other nuclear
fragments to reach a stable
state.

Answer 13

Radioactivity

Question 14

Radioactivity discovered by

Answer 14

1986 by the French
Scientist Antoine Henri Becquerel

Question 15

The SI unit of radioactivity is

Answer 15

becquerel (Bq)

Question 16

– the smallest chemical unit of an
element or compound that exist independently

Answer 16

Molecule

Question 17

– unstable of emitting
radiation spontaneously to reach a more
stable state; termed also as radioactive
materials

Answer 17

Radioactive Atoms

Question 18

2 Physical Characteristic of Radioactive Atom

Answer 18

Decay Disintegration / Transformation Constant
Half-life

Question 19

1. • A fraction or percentage of original number of atoms decaying per
     unit time

Answer 19

Decay Disintegration / Transformation Constant

Question 20

• The amount of time taken by the radioactive material (RAM) or
  radioactive atom to decay to ½ of its original value
• Every RAM has its own unique half life value

Answer 20

Half-life

Question 21

the process wherein the unstable atom (parent) spontaneously emits radiation to reach a more stable state (daughter)

Answer 21

Radioactive Decay

Question 22

The __ is unstable atom or radioactive atom

Answer 22

parent

Question 23

is a new atom that is already a stable state

Answer 23

daughter

Question 24

2 modes of Decay

Answer 24

Alpha Decay
Beta decay

Question 25

Occurs in heavy nuclides with high atomic number
• It resembles the Helium (He) element
• The relative charge of alpha is 2 and a mass of 4

Answer 25

Alpha

Question 26

___ has low penetrating power and most harmful internally and less harmful externally.
• it can be stopped by a piece of paper or cloth.

Answer 26

Alpha radiation

Question 27

• The relative charge of -1 and a mass of 0.
• The β-decay has a moderate energy and it can be stopped by
approximately 0.5mm aluminum or lead.
Has two sub-modes:
a.
b..

Answer 27

Beta Decay/Emission
Negatron emission
b. Positron emission

Question 28

The β-decay has a moderate energy and it can be stopped by approximately ___

Answer 28

0.5mm aluminum or lead.

Question 29

• This occurs when there are too many neutrons.
• It occurs when a radioactive nuclide with high Neutron and Proton ratio disintegration
• This particle emitted is a negatively charge high speed electron
which originated in the nucleus.
• This electrons results from the conversion of the excess neutron into
proton

Answer 29

Negatron Emission

Question 30

• It occurs when the radioactive nuclide with an excess of Proton disintegrates
• The particle emitted is positively charged electron which comes from the nucleus
• This results from the transformation of the excess proton to a neutron
• With Positron emitter, the parent nucleus gives up positive charge resulting in a daughter less positive by one unit of charge.
• The atomic number decrease by one and the mass number remains unchanged.

Answer 30

Positron Emission or Beta Positive emission

Question 31

___ Nuclide
• Excited state element
• Radionuclide that yields another nuclide during disintegration
• Long-lived radionuclide

Answer 31

Parent

Question 32

___ Nuclide
Ground state element
• Element that results from the radioactive decay of a parent element.
• Short-lived radionuclide

Answer 32

Daughter

Question 33

• Have high penetrating power and it can be
stopped by several centimeters of lead

Answer 33

GAMMA RAYS AND X-RAYS

Question 34

The difference between the gamma rays and x-ray
is their ___.
• Gamma ray originates from the __
• X-ray originates from the

Answer 34

origin
nucleus
electrons

Question 35

The difference between the beta particles and
electrons is their origin
• Beta particles originate from the
• Electrons originate from the

Answer 35

nucleus
e- clouds.