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RT-POSITIONING 2 > PRELIM > Flashcards

PRELIM Flashcards

1
Q

are formed by the points at which the chest wall and diaphragm meet.

A

Costrophrenic angle

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2
Q

air present in the lungs

A

Pneumothorax

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3
Q

size used of casette for slender lungs (long torso)

A

14x17

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4
Q

made of lead; used for Px with prominent nipples

A

Nipple Marker

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5
Q

to determine the correct inspiration in a chest x-ray the diaphragm and ribs must be:

A

-diaphragm is at the lower 1/3
-10 posterior ribs are visible

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6
Q

Source-to-image-distance

A

72 inches/6ft

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7
Q

for penetration of x-ray

A

kVP

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8
Q

The 12-step program are:

A
  1. Name
  2. Date
  3. Old Films
  4. What type of views
  5. Penetration
  6. Inspiration
  7. Rotation
  8. Angulation
  9. Soft Tissues/ Body Structures
  10. Mediastinum
  11. Diaphragm
  12. Lung Fields
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9
Q

Pre-read (under 12-step program)

A
  1. Name
  2. Date
  3. Old Films
  4. What type of views
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10
Q

Quality control (under 12-step program)

A
  1. Penetration
  2. Inspiration
  3. Rotation
  4. Angulation
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11
Q

Findings (under 12-step program)

A
  1. Soft Tissues/ Body Structures
  2. Mediastinum
  3. Diaphragm
  4. Lung Fields
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12
Q

4 stages of the Pre-reading process

A
  1. Check the name
  2. Check the date
  3. Obtain old films if available
  4. Which view(s) do you have?
    PA/AP, LATERAL, DECUBITUS, AP LORDOTIC
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13
Q

Penetration must determine by the ff:

A
  • Should see ribs through the heart
  • Barely see the spine through he heart
  • Should see pulmonary vessels nearly to the edges of the lungs
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14
Q

gastric bubbles are consist of ___

A

air

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15
Q

a projection: The heart projected has magnification

A

PA

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16
Q

RPO

A

AP oblique projection

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17
Q

overpenetrated films has the ff characteristics:

A

(high Kvp & dark image )

-lung fields darker than normal; may obscure subtle pathologies
- see spine well beyond the diaphragm
- Inadequate lung detail

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18
Q

underpenetrated films has the ff characteristics:

A

(low kVP & bright image)

  • hemidiaphragms are obscured (not visible)
  • Pulmonary markings more prominent than they actually are
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19
Q

common artifact/s for underpenetrated films

A

noise, quantum mottle

20
Q

inspiration has the ff characteristics:

A
  • Should be able to count 9-10 posterior ribs
  • Heart shadow should not be hidden by the diaphragm
21
Q

Poor inspiration can crowd the lung markings producing __________

A

pseudo-airspace disease

22
Q

web appearance in the image

A

Extensive Pulmonary Tuberculosis

23
Q

cotton ball appearance in the image

A

Thermal lung cancer

24
Q

rotation has the ff characteristics:

A
  • Medial ends of the bilateral clavicle are equidistant from the midline or vertebral bodies
25
Q

rotation: marking

A

jugular notch

26
Q

if spinous process appears closer to the right clavicle, the Px is rotated toward their own ________

A

left side

27
Q

if the spinous process appears closer to the left clavicle, the patient is rotated toward their own _______

A

right side

28
Q

angulation has the ff characteristics:

A
  • Clavicle should lay over 3rd rib
29
Q

clavicle superimposed to 3rd rib

A

non-angulated

30
Q

(beam is angled up toward head; cephalad) will have an unusually sharp border of the left hemidiaphragm will be absent

A

apical lordotic

31
Q

to analyze for angulation always check the ________

A

clavicle

32
Q

In chest x-ray ________ must be checked

A

symmetry

33
Q

Soft Tissue and Bony Structure
Check for:

A

-symmetry
- deformities
-fracture
-masses
- calcification
- lytic lesions

34
Q

(disruptions: bones)

A

fracture

35
Q

crystalize black appearance

A

brittle bone

36
Q

fastest type of cancer

A

pancreatic cancer

37
Q

most painful type of cancer

A

bone cancer

38
Q

Mediastinum
Check for:

A
  • Cardiomegaly
  • Mediastinal & iteral contours for increase densities and deformities
39
Q

heart exerts too much effort: blockage, hypertensive

A

Cardiomegaly

40
Q

diaphragms has the ff characteristics:

A
  • Check sharpness of borders
  • Right is normally higher than the left
  • Check for free air, gastric bubble, pleural effusions
41
Q

presence of fluid in the lungs

A

pleural effusions

42
Q

presence free air (peritoneal cavity)

A

Pneumoperitoneum

43
Q

Lung fields

A
  • To help you determine abnormalities & their location
  • Uses silhouettes/ other thoracic structures
  • Use fissures
44
Q

lung fields have the ff characteristics:

A
  • To help you determine abnormalities & their location
  • Uses silhouettes/ other thoracic structures
  • Use fissures
45
Q

Lung Fields: Using Structures / Silhouettes

A

Silhouettes/ Structure
* Upper right heart border/ ascending aorta
* Right heart border
* Upper left heart border
* Left heart border
* Aortic knob
* Anterior hemidiaphragms

Contact with Lung
* Anterior Segment of RUL
* RML (medial)
* Anterior segment of LUL
* Lingula (anterior)
* Apical portion of LUL
* Lower lobes (anterior)

RT-POSITIONING 2 (7 decks)

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