PRELIM

Question 1

are formed by the points at which the chest wall and diaphragm meet.

Answer 1

Costrophrenic angle

Question 2

air present in the lungs

Answer 2

Pneumothorax

Question 3

size used of casette for slender lungs (long torso)

Answer 3

14x17

Question 4

made of lead; used for Px with prominent nipples

Answer 4

Nipple Marker

Question 5

to determine the correct inspiration in a chest x-ray the diaphragm and ribs must be:

Answer 5

-diaphragm is at the lower 1/3
-10 posterior ribs are visible

Question 6

Source-to-image-distance

Answer 6

72 inches/6ft

Question 7

for penetration of x-ray

Answer 7

kVP

Question 8

The 12-step program are:

Answer 8

1. Name
2. Date
3. Old Films
4. What type of views
5. Penetration
6. Inspiration
7. Rotation
8. Angulation
9. Soft Tissues/ Body Structures
10. Mediastinum
11. Diaphragm
12. Lung Fields

Question 9

Pre-read (under 12-step program)

Answer 9

1. Name
2. Date
3. Old Films
4. What type of views

Question 10

Quality control (under 12-step program)

Answer 10

5. Penetration
6. Inspiration
7. Rotation
8. Angulation

Question 11

Findings (under 12-step program)

Answer 11

9. Soft Tissues/ Body Structures
10. Mediastinum
11. Diaphragm
12. Lung Fields

Question 12

4 stages of the Pre-reading process

Answer 12

1. Check the name
2. Check the date
3. Obtain old films if available
4. Which view(s) do you have?
   PA/AP, LATERAL, DECUBITUS, AP LORDOTIC

Question 13

Penetration must determine by the ff:

Answer 13

• Should see ribs through the heart
• Barely see the spine through he heart
• Should see pulmonary vessels nearly to the edges of the lungs

Question 14

gastric bubbles are consist of ___

Answer 14

air

Question 15

a projection: The heart projected has magnification

Answer 15

PA

Question 16

RPO

Answer 16

AP oblique projection

Question 17

overpenetrated films has the ff characteristics:

Answer 17

(high Kvp & dark image )

-lung fields darker than normal; may obscure subtle pathologies
- see spine well beyond the diaphragm
- Inadequate lung detail

Question 18

underpenetrated films has the ff characteristics:

Answer 18

(low kVP & bright image)

• hemidiaphragms are obscured (not visible)
• Pulmonary markings more prominent than they actually are

Question 19

common artifact/s for underpenetrated films

Answer 19

noise, quantum mottle

Question 20

inspiration has the ff characteristics:

Answer 20

• Should be able to count 9-10 posterior ribs
• Heart shadow should not be hidden by the diaphragm

Question 21

Poor inspiration can crowd the lung markings producing __________

Answer 21

pseudo-airspace disease

Question 22

web appearance in the image

Answer 22

Extensive Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Question 23

cotton ball appearance in the image

Answer 23

Thermal lung cancer

Question 24

rotation has the ff characteristics:

Answer 24

• Medial ends of the bilateral clavicle are equidistant from the midline or vertebral bodies

Question 25

rotation: marking

Answer 25

jugular notch

Question 26

if spinous process appears closer to the right clavicle, the Px is rotated toward their own ________

Answer 26

left side

Question 27

if the spinous process appears closer to the left clavicle, the patient is rotated toward their own _______

Answer 27

right side

Question 28

angulation has the ff characteristics:

Answer 28

- Clavicle should lay over 3rd rib

Question 29

clavicle superimposed to 3rd rib

Answer 29

non-angulated

Question 30

(beam is angled up toward head; cephalad) will have an unusually sharp border of the left hemidiaphragm will be absent

Answer 30

apical lordotic

Question 31

to analyze for angulation always check the ________

Answer 31

clavicle

Question 32

In chest x-ray ________ must be checked

Answer 32

symmetry

Question 33

Soft Tissue and Bony Structure Check for:

Answer 33

-symmetry - deformities -fracture -masses - calcification - lytic lesions

Question 34

(disruptions: bones)

Answer 34

fracture

Question 35

crystalize black appearance

Answer 35

brittle bone

Question 36

fastest type of cancer

Answer 36

pancreatic cancer

Question 37

most painful type of cancer

Answer 37

bone cancer

Question 38

Mediastinum Check for:

Answer 38

- Cardiomegaly - Mediastinal & iteral contours for increase densities and deformities

Question 39

heart exerts too much effort: blockage, hypertensive

Answer 39

Cardiomegaly

Question 40

diaphragms has the ff characteristics:

Answer 40

- Check sharpness of borders - Right is normally higher than the left - Check for free air, gastric bubble, pleural effusions

Question 41

presence of fluid in the lungs

Answer 41

pleural effusions

Question 42

presence free air (peritoneal cavity)

Answer 42

Pneumoperitoneum

Question 43

Lung fields

Answer 43

- To help you determine abnormalities & their location - Uses silhouettes/ other thoracic structures - Use fissures

Question 44

lung fields have the ff characteristics:

Answer 44

- To help you determine abnormalities & their location - Uses silhouettes/ other thoracic structures - Use fissures

Question 45

Lung Fields: Using Structures / Silhouettes

Answer 45

Silhouettes/ Structure * Upper right heart border/ ascending aorta * Right heart border * Upper left heart border * Left heart border * Aortic knob * Anterior hemidiaphragms Contact with Lung * Anterior Segment of RUL * RML (medial) * Anterior segment of LUL * Lingula (anterior) * Apical portion of LUL * Lower lobes (anterior)