PRELIM 01 - Introduction to Human Physiology and Pathophysiology Flashcards
Sharp bladed instrument used to cut a specimen
Scalpel/Knife
Cutting tools with two blades joined in the center such that the sharp edges of the blades slip into each other
Scissor
Used in separating tissues, exploring cavities, tracing blood vessels and pointing structures
Probes
Used to grasp small objects, to separate, point and to pull on structures
Forceps
Useful in measuring organs and in many non-dissection lab activities
Ruler
Instrument used to examine objects that are too small to be seen by the naked eye
Microscope
Studies the structure of body parts and their relationships
Anatomy
Study of how the body and its parts work or function
Physiology
Studies all structures and their function in one region
Regional anatomy
System by system
Systemic anatomy
Defined as the small, structural, and functional unit of an organism
Cell
Defined as a distinct type of material consisting of specialized cells and their products
Tissue
Anatomical position is placed face up
Supine position
Anatomical position is placed face down
Prone position
Combines the posterior and superior of the body
Posterosuperior view
Combines the anterior and superior view
Anterosuperior view
2 types of body cavities
Dorsal body cavity, Ventral body cavity
4 abdominopelvic quadrants
Right upper, Right lower, Left upper, Left lower
9 abdominopelvic regions
Right hypochondriac, Epigastric, Left hypochondriac, Right lumbar, Umbilical, Left lumbar, Right iliac, Hypogastric, Left iliac
2 organs in right hypochondriac region
Liver, Gallbladder
Organ in the epigastric region
Stomach
2 organs in the left hypochondriac region
Diaphragm, Spleen
Organ in the right lumbar region
Ascending colon
2 organs in the umbilical region
Small intestine, Transverse colon
Organ in the left lumbar region
Descending colon
2 organs in the right iliac region
Cecum, Appendix
Organ in the hypogastric region
Urinary bladder
Organ in the left iliac region
Sigmoid colon
5 other examples of body cavities
Oral and digestive cavities, Nasal cavity, Orbital cavities, Middle ear cavities, Synovial cavities
Refers to the head of the skull
Cranial/cephalic region
Refers to the forehead
Frontal region
Refers to the eyes
Orbital/ocular region
Refers to the cheeks
Buccal region
Refers to the ears
Auricle/Otic region
Refers to the nose
Nasal region
Refers to the mouth
Oral region
Refers to the chin
Mental region
Refers to the neck
Cervical region
Encompasses the chest
Thoracic region
Encompasses each breast
Mammary region
Encompasses the muscles of the chest
Pectoral region
Encompasses the sternum
Sternal region
Encompasses the stomach area
Abdominal region
Includes the center of the abdomen
Umbilicus/Navel
Encompasses the hip area
Coxal region
Encompasses the area above the genitals
Pelvic region
Is the groin region between the legs and genitals
Inguinal
Surrounds the genitals
Pubic region
Encompasses the thighs
Femoral region
Encompasses the knee
Patellar region
Encompasses the shin area of the leg
Crural region
Encompasses the ankle
Tarsal region
Encompasses the foot
Pedal region
Encompasses the toes and fingers
Digital/phalangeal region
Refers to the great toe
Hallux
Encompasses the armpit
Axillary region
Encompasses the upper arm
Brachial region
Encompasses the front of the elbow
Antecubital region
Encompasses the forearm
Antebrachial region
Encompasses the wrist
Carpal region
Encompasses the palm
Palmar region
Refers to the thumb
Pollex
Refers to the entire backside
Dorsal region
Is where the shoulder bones are found
Acromial region
Refers to the upper part of the back
Thoracic region
Encompasses the lower back
Lumbar
Is present at the end of the spine, directly above the buttocks
Sacral region
Encompasses the buttocks
Gluteal region
Encompasses the thigh
Femoral region
Encompasses the back of the knee
Popliteal region
Encompasses the sole of the foot
Plantar region
Encompasses the heel
Calcaneal region
Encompasses the back of the head
Occipital region
Encompasses the elbow
Olecranal region
Encompasses the calf
Sural region
Encompasses the fibula
Fibular/peroneal region
Encompasses the scapula/shoulder blade
Scapular region
Encompasses the region between anus and external genitalia
Perineal region