Prejudice, Discrimination, Racism Flashcards
Prejudice
A negative attitude towards members of a group
Components of “attitude” in prejudices
Cognitive: Ideas/ thoughts about groups of people
Affective: emotions
Behavioral: behavioral tendencies
Discrimination
Negative behavior towards the members of a disliked group. The overt expression of prejudice
Tokenism (Form of discrimination)
prejudice person acts positively towards a group, then use tokenism act as a way to express discriminatory behavior
Reverse Discrimination
Discrimination against white males
Racism
The combination of prejudice, discrimination, and power; power being economic, political, and social
Economic power
The capital/ financial power to control the life experience of others
Political Power
Ability to control laws, rules, regulations that impact the life experience of others
Social Power
power to defined the social reality (Mostly with negative claims) of a group and have that definition widely accepted even by members of the targeted group
James Jones 3 levels of racism
Individual: individuals own perception pertaining to the superiority of oe race over another
Cultural: value of one culture over another
Institutional: formal law regulations that discriminate against certain ethnic groups. Whites are usually the baseline of comparison
Mircoagression
Subtle, preconscious, or unconscious segregations that are capable of being verbal or kinetic
Not One Phenomenon
One black person can speak for or be the voice for ALL black people
Macroaggression
Collective assault on people’s rights, humanity, or even real life
Gordon Allport & Equal Status Contact (straightforward meaning)
Assumption that contact between groups will reduce intergroup conflicts between antagonistic groups
Four components of Equal Status Hypothesis
1) Equal status contact: antagonist groups are on the same level
2) Mutual Cooperation: Both groups agree
3) Superordinate goals/ Interdependence: tasks that force groups to work together
4) Institutional Support: Institutions encourage, reward, & reinforce the acts
Nelson & approaches to reducing prejudice
1) Salvation Approach: Reduces prejudice through information and education
2) Remediation Approach: Moves targeted members into mainstream contexts
3) Colorblind Approach: Race neutral society
4) Transactional Approach: Considers perspective and purposes of all people (having tough conversations about bias & bigotry)
Brofenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory (5)
1) Microsystem: immediate environment
2) Mesosystem: System compromising connection between immediate environment (school & home)
3) Ecosystem: External environment that indirectly affects development (parent’s workplace)
4) Macrosystem: Larger cultural context (European vs African culture)
5) Chronosytem: Environmental events and transitions over a lifetime
Nature vs Nurture controversy
Nature: Intelligence is genetic
Nurture: Intelligence is impacted by environment
Sir Cyril Bank
Impactful Study: “Proved” intelligence is biological
study about twins IQ was fabricated
Henry Goddard (Immigrants)
Developed tests that would identify mentally defective immigrants through content about American culture, language, and writing
Lewis Termann
Standardized intelligence testing on middle class white Americans, poc would test 10-15 points lower
Experiments in CA that resulted in segregation
Reciprocal Exchange
The ideal that people will invest in a society where they believe that they will gain some opportunity without restriction, end, or negatively impacted by social barrier
No Child Left Behind (NCLB)
George W. Bush’s attempt to reshape the future of school children, including African American children
Correlates of Achievement
1) Self Concept: How one perceives themselves (importances of external validation)
2) Value Orientation: Values can influence academic achievement of Black children
3) Teacher Expectation: Teacher’s attitudes and expectation affect a child’s school performance
4) Family Composition:
5) Poverty: Children in poverty are less likely to have the opportunity of academic excellence
6) Parent Education Attainment: Parents education levels affect poverty, which also affects a child’s learning experiences
7) Academic Achievement Motivation: Personal factors that motivate a child to compete and achieve in their academic endeavors w a standard of excellence
8) Personal & Academic Self-Efficacy: How confident a child is in knowing that they can successfully complete a task
