Prejudice, discrimination and stigma

Question 1

prejudice

Answer 1

a prejudgement that you make about others before interacting with them, the affective componenet of the tri-compoenent model of attitudes, stems from emotions, can be unconcious

Question 2

discrimiination

Answer 2

the unjust treatment of people due to their membership wuthin a certain social category, leads to inequality, behavioural component of the tri-component model of attitudes

Question 3

what are the two types of discrimination

Answer 3

direct and indirect

Question 4

direct disscrimination

Answer 4

explicit and obvious, when someone is openly treated unfairly becase of ttheir association with a particular group/pposses a particular characteristic

Question 5

indirect discrimination

Answer 5

occurs when a practice,policy or blanket rule applies to all people but unfairly disadvantages a group or person, more discrete and less noticable

Question 6

what is the effect of prejudice and discrimination on an individual

Answer 6

stigma

Question 7

stigma

Answer 7

the feeling of shame or disgrace experienced by an individual caused by being stereotyped/experiencing social disapproval

Question 8

what is the effecr of stigma

Answer 8

it can negatively effecr the relationships and interactions people have, causing feelings of isolation and societal exclusion

Question 9

what are the two types of stigma

Answer 9

social stigma and self-stigma

Question 10

social stigma

Answer 10

a negative label caused by widespread beliefs/stereotypes

Question 11

self-stigma

Answer 11

the result if the internalisation of negative stereotypes and can lead to poor self-esteem

Question 12

what is the effect of prejudice and discrimination on mental wellbeing

Answer 12

can cause individuals to feel alienated and excluded from society which may resuly in damged/worsened self-image, greater stress, mental health problems

Question 13

what are the four ways of reducing prejudice, discrimination and stigma

Answer 13

education, intergroup contact and social media and lawws

Question 14

how does education reduce prejudice, stigma and discrimination

Answer 14

providing knowledge and information identifies/corrects misinformtions and assumptions, as stereotypes often stem from a lack of understanding

Question 15

how does intergroup contact reduce prejudice, stigma and discrimination

Answer 15

open discussions and asking respectful questions and listening allowing understanding of others experiences and avoid engaging in offensive bahviours/mindsets

Question 16

hhow doooes social media reduce prejudice, stigma and discrimination

Answer 16

it can raise awareness and call out prejudice and discrimination

Question 17

how do laws reduce prejudice, stigma and discrimination

Answer 17

can give a voice to minority groups, prevents discrimination, reduces negative imoact on wellbeing

Question 18

Heuristics

Answer 18

information-processing strategies or mental shortcuts that enable individuals to form judgements, make decisions and soolve problems quickly and efficciently

Question 19

what causes heuristics

Answer 19

experience and learningg, they develop over time

Question 20

how do heuristics differ from cognitive biases

Answer 20

heuristics relate to decision making whereas ccognitive biases relate to how we percieve the world

Question 21

how are heuristics beneficial

Answer 21

saves time, sometimes results in accurate decision making, can be adaptive and protect

Question 22

how are heeuristics not beneficial

Answer 22

sometimes lead to biases and incorrect judgements, lead to the base rate fallacy

Question 23

base rate fallacy

Answer 23

a bias that results from using some heuristics. a type of bias in whichb decisions, social perceptions and judgements are influenced more by vivid memories and experiences rather than statisitical fact