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1. Psychology - Chapter 6 > Person perception > Flashcards

Person perception Flashcards

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1
Q

person perception

A

the different mental processes used to understand and form impressions of other people

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2
Q

why are impressions subject to faliabiliity and bias

A

because they are determined by our existing attitudes

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3
Q

what are the two ways person perception can be provided

A

directly or indirectly

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4
Q

direct person perception

A

when information is provided from the person we are judging 9primary data), usually through easily accessible perceptual information

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5
Q

examples of easily accessible perceptual information in person perception

A

body language, clothingg, facial cues

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6
Q

indirect person perception

A

through hearing about the person we are judging from another person or source (secondary data)

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7
Q

first impressions

A

type of pperson perception that is usally based on very little information and are made in less than a second

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8
Q

attribution

A

when an evaluation is made about the causes of bahaviour and the process of making this evalution

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9
Q

two types of attributions

A

internal/ personal and external/situational

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10
Q

internal/personal attributions

A

when we juudge behaviour as being caused by something personal within an individual

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11
Q

examples of what internal/personal attriibutions determine as a cause for behaviour

A

psychological state, personality, motivation, ability, etc

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12
Q

external/situational attributions

A

when we determine the cause of a bahviour as resulting from situational factors occuring outside the individual

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13
Q

examples of situational factors in attributions

A

the environnbment a person is in when they produce a behaviour or events that the individual has experienced beyond their control

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14
Q

halo effect

A

a cognitive bias in which one good quality of a person might cause us to believe all of their other qualities and vise versa with a bad quality, a type of person perception

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15
Q

words to remeber steps of forming attribuutions

A

observation, recognition and attributing

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16
Q

steps of forming an attribution

A
  1. observation of the behaviour 2. recognition and concious acknowledgement of the behaviour 3. attributong the cause of the behaviour
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17
Q

fundamental attribution error

A

our ttendency to explain others behhaviour ion terms of internal factors while ignoring possible external factors, explained by the justworld belief

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18
Q

just world hypothesis

A

the belief that the world is just a place where people generally get what they deserve and deserve what they get

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19
Q

how is the just world hypothesis an explanation of the fundamental attribution error

A

because when something bad happens to someone, we tend to believe the victim must have doone something tooo deserve their fate rather than believe situational factors were responsible for it

20
Q

actor-observer bias

A

our tendency to attribute our own behaviour to external or situational factors, yet attribute others behaviour to internal factorrs

21
Q

self-serving bias

A

when judging ourselves we tend to take the credit for our sucess (internal factors) and deny responsibility for failure (blame on external factors)

22
Q

why is the self-serving bias beneficial

A

it protects self-esteem and self-image

23
Q

what are the two ways we percieve our own behaviour

A

actor observer bias and self-serving bias

24
Q

what are the two wats we percieve others behaviour as a cognitive bias

A

fundamental attriibution error and actor observer bias

25
Q

internal attribution leads to

A

growth and improvement

26
Q

external attribution leads to

A

not adjusting behaviour/noot imroving

27
Q

attribution style

A

the tendencies and repeated patterns in the way someone makes attributions

28
Q

example of attribution style

A

pessimitic attribution style - a person who reguraly attributees behaviour to negative causes

29
Q

attitudes

A

an evaluaion of a person, object, event or idea

30
Q

how can attiitudees be described

A

can be positive, negative or neutral and will be on a contium or range of sttrength

31
Q

what are the three criteria for attitudes

A
  1. attitude must be an evalution of something 2. must be settled and stable 3. ,mmust be learnt through experience
32
Q

if the criteris of an attitude in not met, then what is the thought

A

likely a judgement

33
Q

a settled and stable attitude means

A

they are constantly changing and are relatively permanent

34
Q

what are the two ways that an attitude can be learnt through experuenece

A

through personal experience or vicariously

35
Q

how can the characteristics of attutudes be described

A

throygh the tri-componentttt

36
Q

tri-component of attitudes

A

proposes that an attitude must have all through affective, bahvioural and cognitive componenets present

37
Q

affective component

A

our automatic emotional and intuitive feelings toward something when presented with it

38
Q

behavioural component

A

our outward and obsrvable actions that reflect our point of view

39
Q

cognitive component

A

our emotion free and objective thoughts and beliefs towards something

40
Q

stereotyping

A

a widely held belief and generalisation about a group, and the belief that all mebers in theat group qill share characteristics despite their individuality

41
Q

why is stereotyping helpful

A

allows us to percieve otthers and make sense of the social world through a mental shortcut, can keep us safe by judging is someone is a potential threat, allow us to act socially appropraiate and makes person perceptoion more efficient

42
Q

what are the problems with stereotyping

A

oversimplified and innaccurate, usually negative rather than positive, offensive, ignoring individuality, fixed and resistant, more inclined to pay attentionn to information consistent with stereotype, can lead to social stigma

43
Q

social stigma

A

negative labels and attitudes associated with disapproval or rejection by others who are not labbeled in that way

44
Q

self stiggma

A

feelings of shame, disgrace and lower self -esteem as a result of stereotypiing

45
Q

examples of negattive stereotypes towards ATSIP

A

they are violet, live in the outback and recieve too much from welfare

46
Q
A

1. Psychology - Chapter 6 (3 decks)

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