Prejudice Flashcards
stereotypes
definition
mental representations (schemas) about the attributes possessed by members of a group
cognitive component
prejudice
definition
negative attitude toward members of a group
affective component
discrimination
definition
differential negative treatment of people based on group membership
behavioural component
hostile sexism
definition
negative stereotypes of women
benevolent sexism
definition
positive stereotypes of women
still bad
blatant prejudice
definition
prejudice personally endorsed–person believes their group to be superior to others and publicly admits this
modern prejudice/racism
definition
acting unprejudiced outwardly, but inwardly maintaining prejudiced attitudes (aversive prejudice).
-> respond defensively (often with denial) when prejudiced actions/statements are pointed out
e.g., microaggression, denial of continued discrimination
in-group bias
definition
tendency to favour members of our own group and give them preference over people who belong to other groups.
out group mmebers are often seen as possessing negative traits and are often disliked
social identity theory for why prejudice develops
prejudice develops from the need to feel good about oneself
outgroup homogeneity effect
definition
tendency for people to overestimate the extent to which people in outgroups are alike (to other members of outgroup)
realistic group conflict theory
definition
prejudice develops as a result of perceived conflict over resources
meta-stereotype
definition
a person’s beliefs regarding the stereotype that out-group members hold about their group
cost of stereotypes
3 costs
- oversimplification–can lead to inaccuracies
- stereotypes distort information processing–perceviers look for information that confirms stereotype
- stereotypes can be self-percetuating
subtyping
definition
tendency for people to maintain their stereotype when faced with disconfirming evidence
cost of prejudice and stereotyping
4 costs
- material costs -> wage, haggeling
- self-fulfilling prophecies
- stereptype threats = fear of confirming other’s negative strereotypes about one’s own group hinders performance
- hesitancy to report prejudice
personal-group discrimination discrepancy
definition
tendency for people to report less personal discrimination than the average member of their group
why does personal-group discrimination discrepancy occur?
3 reasons
- motivation to feel in control of life
- don’t want to be labeled as complainers
- justification for inaction
ways to reduce prejudice
4 ways
- multiculturism -> inclusion of everyone while recognizing and valuing group differences
- role play/education
- contact hypothesis
- striving for antiracism
requirements for contact hypothesis to work
4 conditions
- approximately equal in status
- involved in cooperative behaviour
- contact supported by legitimate authorities
- contact must be intimate
ultimate attribution error
definition
tendency to make dispositional (internal) attributions about an entire group of people
mutual dependence
definition
situation in which 2/+ groups need each other and must depend on each other to accomplish a goal that is important to both groups
injuctification
definition
motivated tendency to see the status quo as the most desireable state of affairs
social identity threat
definition
apprehension experienced by members of a minority group that they might behave in a manner that confirms an existing cutlureal stereotype
extended contact hypothesis
definition
mere knowlege that a member f one’s own group has a close relationship with a member of another group can reduce one’s prejudice toward that group
