Attractive and Relationships Flashcards
propinquity effect
definition
the more we see and interact with people, the more likely they are to become our friends
mere exposure effect
definition
more exposure we have to a stimulus, the more apt we are to like it
similarity (in attraction)
definition
attraction to people who are like us
matching hypothesis
definition
people of approximately equal levels of physical attractiveness (and values) tend to seek each other as mates
reciprocal liking
definition
when you like someone and that person also likes you
but not id you like everybody else
what is beautiful is good effect
definition
perception that people who are physically attractive possess other positive traits as well
physical attributes (attractive) in both gender
what do both men and females find attractive?
nice smiles, eyes, hair
face symmetry
what facial features make a man attractive?
prominent cheeckbone and jawline
large chin
what facial features make a women attractive?
large eyes
prominent cheekbones
baby face
misattribution of arousal
definition
process whereby people make mistaken interferneces about what is causing them to feel the way they do
social compensation hypothesis
definition
online friendships are more likely to be formed by lonely introverted people who lack social skills to form relationships in person
social enhancement hypothesis
definition
people who are extroverted and have good social skills use the internet as another way of acquiring even more friends
companionate love
definition
feelings of intimacy and affection we feel toward someone with whom our lives are deeply intertwined
passionate love
definition
feeling of intence longing, accompanied by physiological arousal, we feel for another person
Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love
- passion = intence physical and sexual desire
- intimacy = warmth, closeness, validated, understood
- commitment = decision to love someone and motivated to maintain relationship
attachment theory
definition
theory that our behavour in adult relationships is baed on our experiences as infants with our parents/caregivers
secure attachment style
definition
characterized by trust, lack of concern with being abandoned, and view that one is worthy of love
caregiver responsive to their needs and show positive emotions
avoidant attachment style
definition
characterized by a suppression of attachment needs because attempts to be intimate have been rebuffed
-> unconfortable getting close to others
caregiver aloop and distant
Anxious/ambivalent attachment style
definition
characterized by a concern that others will not recipricate one’s desire for intimacy, and then higher than average levels of anxiety
-> uncertain of worthiness of love
caregiver inconsistent and overbearing in their affection
social exchange theory (relationships)
definition
thoery that people feel about a relationship depends on their perceptions of the rewards and costs of the relaitonship, the kind of relationship they deserve, and the probability that they could have a better relationship with someone else
reward/cost ratio
definition
notion that there’s a balance between the rewards from maintaining the relationship and the cost of maintaining the relationship
comparison level
definition
people’s expectations about the levels of rewards and cost they deserve in a relationship
comparison level of alternatives
definition
people’s expectations about the levels of rewards and cost they would receive in an alternative relationship
“fatal” attraction
definition
qualities originally seen as positive, now seen in a negative light
investment model of commitment
definition
theory that people’s commitment to a relationship depends on their satisfaction with the relationship in terms of
- rewards, costs, and comparison level
- comparison levels of alternatives
- how much have been invested in the relationship
equity theory
definition
theory that people are happiest with relationships in which the rewards and costs that a person epxedriences and the contributions they make to the relationship are roughly equal to the rewards, costs, and contribution of the other person
exchange relationships
definition
governed by the need for equity (e.g., compatible reward.cost ratio)
communal relationships
definition
primary concern is being responsive to the other person’s needs
Gottman and Levenson (1992) “the 4 horsemen of the apocalypse”
definition
- critisism
- defensiveness
- stonewalling (resistance to dealing with problem)
- contempt
factors in relationship maintenance
5 factors
- positive illlusions (idealization)
- willingness to sacrifice and compromise
- apologizing and forgiving
- play/new activities
- 5:1 ratio of positive to negative experiences
