Prehistoric Architecture Flashcards
(Paleolithic and Neolithic)
The fundamental reason behind the origin of architecture.
For humans to have shelter against inclement weather, predators, and other humans (enemies to be specific).
The earliest form of human dwellings.
Rock Caves
The word paleolithic came from Greek words “palaios” and “lithos” which mean _______ and ______, respectively.
“old”; “stone”
Who coined the term paleolithic in 1865?
Archaeologist John Lubbock
How many years does the Paleolithic/Old Stone Age encompass?
2.5/2.6 million years (~99% of time of human existence)
The term neolithic came from Greek words “neo” and “lithos” which mean ________ and _______, respectively.
“new”; “stone”
When did the Neolithic begin?
10,000 BCE
The three-age system divides human technological prehistory into three periods, namely ___________________________.
the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age
The modern periodization of the Stone Age stretches from the Paleolithic to the Neolithic in the following scheme (crossing an epoch boundary on the geologic time scale): ____________________
the Pleistocene epoch, the Holocene epoch, and the historical period
A very large neolithic and chalcolithic settlement in southern Anatolia, Turkey, dating from around 7500 BCE for the lowest layers.
Çatal Hüyük
Other term for Epipaleolithic
Mesolithic
A 7000-BCE settlement in South Asia and is one of the most important sites in archaeology for the study of the earliest neolithic settlements in that region.
Mehrgarh
It is sometimes cited as the earliest known farming settlement in South Asia, based on archaeological excavations from 1974.
Mehrgarh
Two early Neolithic settlements in the upper Euphrates valley in now Southeastern Anatolia, Turkey dating back to around 10th-8th millenia BCE.
Göbekli Tepe and Nevali Cori
Also called as monolith, this is a prehistoric monument consisting of an upright megalith, usually standing alone but sometimes aligned with others.
Menhir
A heap of stones piled up as a monument, tombstone, or landmark.
Cairn
An artificial mound of earth or stone, especially over an ancient grave.
Tumulus
A prehistoric monument consisting of two or more large upright stones supporting a horizontal stone slab, found especially in Britain and France and usually regarded as a tomb.
Dolmen
A circular arrangement of megaliths enclosing a dolmen or burial mound.
Cromlech
Post holes with charcoal stains in their bases, a number of smaller stake holes, and inside it are shallow hearths filled with charcoal, burnt nutshells, and fragments of bon.
Howick House
Located at the southern part of Salisbury Plain, it underwent in 4 periods of building and use and was the focal point of the densest concentration of Neolithic and Bronze Age.
the Stonehenge
What is claimed to be the oldest stone house in Northern Europe? It was occupied around 3500 to 3100 BCE.
Knap of Howar
A large stone-built Neolithic settlement, located in the Bay of Skaill on the west coast of mainland Orkney. It was under the sand dunes until 1850.
Skara Brae
“the mature phase of the Indus civilization”
Harappan Civilization (ca. 2600 - 1900 BCE)
An 8000 BCE Turkish settlement wherein hundreds of small figurines made of burnt clay were discovered.
Nevali Cori
A walled Neolithic settlement in the Near East founded ca. 8300 BCE.
Ancient City of Jericho
Name the Eras of the Indus Valley Civilization.
Regionalization Era, Integration Era, and Localization Era
The pyramids and the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus are the most imposing and elaborate outgrowths of this practice, of which the prehistoric tumuli are the simpler manifestations.
piling of huge stones (cairns)
