Ancient Egyptian Architecture

Question 1

He was regarded to as the greatest pharaoh of ancient Egypt and also called as the Pharaoh of Oppression. He lived between 90 and 96 years which gave him ample opportunity to marry wives and beget children. He had over 200 wives and concubines and over 100 children, many of whom he outlived.

Answer 1

Rameses II

Question 2

The product of the Upper and Lower Egypt’s unification.

Answer 2

The Old Kingdom

Question 3

The capital of the Old Kingdom of Egypt

Answer 3

Memphis (Lower Egypt)

Question 4

The first dynastic king of Egypt and the one who founded Memphis.

Answer 4

Menes

Question 5

The ancient Egyptian writing system.

Answer 5

Hieroglyphic System

Question 6

The tombs situated on the right bank of the Nile River that are in the shape of couches. These were only accessible by a unique door that was supposed to be inhabited by the “spectrum” of the deceased which was reproduced on the wall by paintings or sculptures in relief.

Answer 6

Mastaba/s

Question 7

He brought social order out of anarchy, made a survey of the country, set boundaries to the provinces, carried out irrigation, worked the quarries at Tura, restored the temples and founded the great Temple at Karnak.

Answer 7

Amenemhat I of the 12th Dynasty

Question 8

She was considered as one of Egypt’s greatest pharaohs as she brought great wealth and artistry to her land. She sponsored one of Egypt’s most successful trading expeditions, bringing back gold, ebony, and incense from a place called Punt (probably modern-day Eritrea, a country in Africa).

Answer 8

Hatshepsut of the 18th Dynasty (1478 BCE - 1458 BCE)

Question 9

He was one of the greatest of the Pharaohs and is famous alike for foreign wars and home reforms, while he rebuilt and decorated many temples.

Answer 9

Thutmose III

Question 10

He cleared away the sand from the Great Sphinx, as recorded on the tablet between its paws.

Answer 10

Thutmose IV

Question 11

He built the Temple at Luxor, dignified that at Karnak by pylons and sphinxes, and erected the famous Colossi of Memnon.

Answer 11

Amenophis III (or Amenhotep the Magnificent/Great)

Question 12

This pharaoh daringly broke away from dynastic and religious traditions, deserted Thebes, and founded his capital at Tel-el-Amarna with a great palace and a temple to the sole god Aten, whose symbol was the solar disc.

Answer 12

Amenophis IV (or Akhenaten)

Question 13

He was the founder of the Nineteenth Dynasty, the most brilliant epoch of Egyptian art.

Answer 13

Ramesses I

Question 14

He was the youngest pharaoh at 9 and died at 19. He wasn’t an especially important king, but his tomb was the only royal burial found intact in modern times. The tomb was important because it let archaeologists record what an Egyptian king’s tomb looked like and learn more about ancient Egypt.

Answer 14

Tutankhamun or Tutankhamen

Question 15

It is a building with a flat roof supported by many rows of columns or pillars.

Answer 15

Hypostyle Hall

Question 16

He was a religious devotee who made such offerings to the priests that about one-sixth of the land belonged to the temple revenues.

Answer 16

Rameses III

Question 17

The ____ Dynasty, a period of good government and trade prosperity, saw a revival of the art of the early period.

Answer 17

26th

Question 18

He encouraged the immigration of Greeks, who brought in new ideas.

Answer 18

Psammetichus I (or Psamtik I)

Question 19

He attempted to make a canal between the Red Sea and the Nile, but the undertaking was only completed by Darius the Great of the Persian Empire.

Answer 19

Necho II

Question 20

Who was the Macedonian King who overthrew Persia from Egypt and was hailed by the priests as the son of Ammon? He founded Alexandria as the capital, and it became the center of Greek culture.

Answer 20

Alexander the Great

Question 21

The general of Alexander the Great who ruled Egypt after the Macedonian king’s death.

Answer 21

Ptolemy I

Question 22

The reign of __________ is famous for the Pharos, or light-house, the history by Manetho, and the Greek version of the Septuagint.

Answer 22

Ptolemy II

Question 23

This stone is inscribed with a decree in three writing systems: hieroglyphics, demotic script, and Greek. The inscriptions were written by priests of Memphis to commemorate the accession of Ptolemy V to the throne.

Answer 23

Rosetta Stone

Question 24

This 275-year period was the longest and last dynasty of ancient Egypt before it fell to Rome in 30 BCE.

Answer 24

The Ptolemaic Period

Question 25

What are the names of the Pyramids of Giza from smallest to largest?

Answer 25

Menkaure, Khafre, and Khufu

Question 26

A large sculpture of a mythical creature with the body of a lion, the wings of an eagle, and the head of a human, supposedly that of Pharaoh Khafre.

Answer 26

The Great Sphinx

Question 27

It is also called as the Great Pyramid of Giza, and Greeks call it the Pyramid of Cheops.

Answer 27

Pyramid of Khufu

Question 28

How many degrees do the pyramids make with the ground?

Answer 28

52

Question 29

One of the Pyramids of Giza, it’s Greek name is the Pyramid of Mykerinos.

Answer 29

Pyramid of Menkaure

Question 30

The pyramid nearest to the Great Sphinx, and is also owned by the pharaoh who built the said sculpture. The Greeks call it the Pyramid of Chepren.

Answer 30

Pyramid of Khafre

Question 31

Who was the royal architect and superintendent of pyramids who owned the well-preserved mastaba in Sakkara from the Fifth Dynasty.

Answer 31

Thi

Question 32

These tombs, cut deep into the mountain rock, consist of chambers connected by passages, and were intended only for the reception of the royal sarcophagi. The most important are those of Rameses III, IV, and IX and of Seti I, discovered by Belzoni in A.D 1817.

Answer 32

The Tombs of the Kings (Thebes, Egypt)

Question 33

This temple’s entrance, between pylons, or massive sloping towers fronted by obelisks, was approached through an imposing avenue of sphinxes. Then came a large outer court, open to the sky and therefore called “hypaethral,” surrounded on three sides by a double colonnade.

Answer 33

The Temple of Khons (Karnak, Egypt; ca. 1200 BCE)

Question 34

The grandest of all Egyptian temples, it was originally commenced by Amenemhat about B.C. 2466, and was connected by an avenue of sphinxes with the Temple at Luxor. It was not built on one complete plan, but owes its size, disposition, and magnificence to the additions of many kings, from the 12th Dynasty down to the Ptolemaic period.

Answer 34

The Great Temple of Ammon (Karnak, Egypt; 1633 - 323 BCE)

Question 35

This temple was commenced by Amenophis III and dedicated to the Theban triad Ammon, Mut, and Khons, was afterwards added to by Rameses II. In the foreground are ruins of the court of Rameses II, with a colonnade of lotus-bud capitals and a seated colossus of his, connected by a colonnade 174 ft. long of columns 52 ft. high, with bell capitals, leading into the court of Amenophis III in the distance.

Answer 35

The Temple of Ammon (Luxor, Egypt; 1450 BCE)

Question 36

This temple was commenced by Queen Hatshepsut, daughter of Thutmose I, but was never completed. The is quite different from all others in Egypt, as it consists of three terraced courts stepped out of the rock and connected by inclined planes.

Answer 36

The Temple of Ammon (Der-el-Bahari, Egypt; 1550 BCE)

Question 37

This temple was completed by Rameses II. It has two pylons, two forecourts, and two hypostyle halls, and it is unique in that it has seven sanctuaries, instead of one, arranged side by side, and dedicated to six gods and the deified king ; and to each there is a separate gateway and portal.

Answer 37

The Temple of Seti I (Abydos, Egypt; 1350 BCE)

Question 38

This temple is one of the most stupendous and impressive of all those hewn out of the living rock. The entrance forecourt leads to an imposing facade, 119 ft. wide and 100 ft. high, formed as a pylon carved with four seated colossal statues, over 65 ft. high, of the founder, Rameses II.

Answer 38

The Great Temple (Abu-Simbel, Egypt; 1300 BCE)

Question 39

It was founded by Rameses II and dedicated to his consort Nefert-ari and Hathor, was hewn out of the rock adjoining the great temple.

Answer 39

The Small Temple (Abu-Simbel, Egypt)

The Temple of Nefertari*

Question 40

This temple, commenced by Ptolemy III, is the best preserved of this period. A massive pylon, faced with reliefs and inscriptions, gives access to a great court surrounded by a colonnade, and beyond is the great hypostyle hall, with its facade of six columns, of which the central intercolumniation forms the portal and the narrower spaces between the other columns have low screen walls over which the light is admitted.

Answer 40

The Temple (Edfu, Egypt; 237 BCE)

The Edfu Temple of Horus*

Question 41

This temple is an example of a type frequently found in Egypt, in which the successive additions are not on the same axial line.

Answer 41

The Temple of Isis (Philae, Egypt; Ptolemaic Period, 332 - 30 BCE)

Question 42

This temple has no pylons, forecourt, or enclosing wall, but has a great vestibule of 24 columns, with six on the facade which have low screen walls between them on either side of the central entrance.

Answer 42

The Temple of Hathor (Dendera, Egypt; Ptolemaic Period)

Question 43

This is one of the so-called “ Mammisi “ temples, which consisted of a small chamber known as the birth house and sacred to the mysterious rites of the goddess Isis.

Answer 43

The Temple (Elephantine, Egypt ;1450 BCE)

Temple of Khnum*

Question 44

These huge monoliths, which stood in pairs to dignify temple entrances, are square on plan, tapering to a pyramidal summit with a metal capping. These have a height of nine or ten times the diameter at the base, and the four slightly rounded sides are cut with hieroglyphic records still visible.

Answer 44

Obelisks

Question 45

Who erected the largest obelisk in existence at Heliopolis?

Answer 45

Thutmose III

Question 46

The obelisk on the Thames Embankment, London, is called the __________________ and was originally erected at Heliopolis along with the largest one in existence.

Answer 46

Cleopatra’s Needle

Question 47

The Egyptian house at the 1889 Paris Exhibition was constructed by _________________ from an ancient painting, and had a garden in front laid out in a formal style, with fish ponds.

Answer 47

M. Charles Garner