Prehistoric Archaeology of New Jersey Flashcards
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What is a eustatic change?
A eustatic change is an alteration to the global sea levels due to changes in either the volume of water in the world oceans or net changes in the volume of the ocean basins. Changes in eustatic sea level that control estuarine formation or removal were responses to perturbations ultimately affecting the entire planet’s hydrologic cycle. As a significant portion of the world’s total water budget becomes
locked in the massive continental glacial ice packs, sea levels fall, coastal estuaries are drained, and oceans retreat from the continental shelf.
What are the major tributaries on the Eastern Shore?
At present, the major tributaries on the Eastern Shore include the Sassafras, Chester, Choptank, Nanticoke, Wicomico, and Pocomoke rivers.
What had taken over spruce 10,000 years ago?
About 10,000 years ago, pine reached a maximum at the expense of spruce.
What and when was the earliest recorded archaeological work in NJ?
The earliest recorded archaeological work in the State is the Abbott Farm, which is that of Dr. Charles Conrad Abbott, who in 1872 reported the finding of certain crude argillite implements in association with Delaware Indian remains along the Delaware River bluff, south of Trenton.
What are a couple of problems in New Jersey Archaeology?
One, many specific objects presented problems; the “Iroquoian” pottery from the Sussex County excavations, the complicated incised ware from the central part of the State, the bannerstones from the Crispin farm, the semi-lunar knives, grooved stones, broad blades and “paleolithic” blanks from the Abbott Farm, suggested distinct cultural affiliations and geographical and temporal distributions, which remained undetermined for Iack of comparative material.
Two, the archaeological work in New Jersey was done over a long period of years, the excavators using the preferred methods of the time, thus making it almost impossible to interpret many of their results much less to equate them.
What methods were used in locating sites as a part of the Native American Site Survey?
Two main methods were used in locating sites. One was by following up leads obtained from persons interested in local archaeology or from information collected by former investigators. Another was by having the Survey party follow water courses.
What found at the excavation of the Burson W. Bell farm?
They found a a burial ground on which most
of the work was concentrated. Twenty-eight out of the 45 skeletons unearthed were in an extended position and many of them were accompanied by articles of white manufacture-metal objects, trade pipes and glass beads-thus indicating a contact date.
What is a general New Jersey Archaeology problem that previous excavators have with the origins of the Lenni-Lenape?
One of the most important of the general problems in New Jersey Archaeology that previous excavators have with the origins of the Lenni-Lenape is the question of when this area was first populated and whether or not the migrants were the direct ancestors of the Lenni-Lenape who inhabited this region when the European came.
Since when has the Indian Site Survey been principally concerned with locating and excavating Native American sites?
Since March, 1936, the Indian Site Survey has been principally concerned with locating and excavating Native American sites.
Following the retreat of the last major North American glacial advance, what happened to the
continental shelf and the ancestral Susquehanna River?
Following the retreat of the last major North American glacial advance, both the continental shelf and the ancestral Susquehanna River were transgressed as sea levels began to rise. These transgressions began at l4,000 to 15,000 years ago and at 10,000 years ago, respectively.
Which tributaries along the Western Shore, enter the estuary?
The Susquehanna River still feeds into the northernmost end of the Bay, and the Northeast,
Bush, Gunpowder, Patapsco, Magothy, Severn, South, Patuxent, Potomac, Rappahannock, Payankatank, York, and James rivers pay tribute to it laterally. Thousands of other smaller tributaries are also present.
What happens during interglacial periods?
During interglacial periods the opposite of a eustatic sea level change occurs. Glaciers melt and retreat, oceanic sea levels start to rise, and transgressions begin at the edges of landmasses.
