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Ancient History > Prehistoric and Harappan Pre > Flashcards

Prehistoric and Harappan Pre Flashcards

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1
Q

Are written records available for prehistoric india

A

no

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2
Q

Archaelogical remains found in India

A

stone tools, pottery, artefacts, metal implements, paintings

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3
Q

How is dating of pre historic period done

A
  1. Radio carbon dating
  2. Dendrochronology
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4
Q

what is radio carbon dating

A

measuring loss of carbon in organic materials

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5
Q

what is Dendrochronology

A

counting tree rings in woods

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6
Q

near what were paleolithic sites located

A

near water sources, rock shelters and caves

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7
Q

occupation of paleolithic people

A

hunter gatherers

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8
Q

what kind of animals did paleo ppl hunt

A

big animals in groups

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9
Q

size of their stone tools

A

hand sized and flaked off large pebbles

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10
Q

did paleo ppl attempt to domesticate animals

A

yes

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11
Q

which rocks were their stone tools made of

A

quarzite- a hard rock

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12
Q

did paleo ppl grow some plants

A

yes, at a later stage

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13
Q

famous paleolithic sites

A

Soan valley- Northwest india
Siwalik hills- north india- punjab, himachal
bhimpetka- MP
Adamgarh- MP, near narmada
Kurnool- Andhra
Attirampakkam- Tamil nadu

shiv, bhim and adam
atte soan papdi
Kurnool

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14
Q

Paleolithic age is also called

A

old stone age

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15
Q

Period for paleoloithic age

A

before 10000 BC

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16
Q

period for mesolithic age

A

10000-6000 BC

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17
Q

Mesolithic age is also called

A

middle stone age

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18
Q

where are mesolithic remains found in India

A

Langhanj- Gujarat
Adamgarh - MP

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19
Q

microliths are associated with which period mainly

A

mesolithic age

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20
Q

what are microliths

A

stone tool- tiny stone artifacts, less than 5 cm
they were also buried in burials

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21
Q

hunting and gathering in mesolithic age

A

shift from big to smaller animals and fishing
also used bow and arrow
animals were now domesticated
primitive cultivation also started

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22
Q

animals found in mesolithic age

A

dog, deer, boar, ostrich

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23
Q

neolithic age period

A

6000- 4000 BC

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24
Q

Neolithic important sites

A

Kashmir valley, belan valley in UP
Maski, Brahmagiri, Hallur and Kodekal in Karnataka
Paiyampalli in TN
Utnur in Andhra pradesh

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25
Q

features of neolithic age

A

agriculture, domestication of animals- sheeps, goats, cattle [started in mesolithic though], polished stone tools and axes, pottery manufactured, emergence of village, wheels, clothes of cotton

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26
Q

types of houses in neolithic

A

mud brick instead of grass huts

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27
Q

burial methods in neolithic

A

large urns as coffins

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28
Q

agriculture in neolithic

A

wheat, barley, rice, millet

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29
Q

neolithic age is also called as

A

new stone age

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30
Q

what is metal age

A

the new technology of smelting metal ore and crafting metal artifacts

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31
Q

were stone tools used in metal age

A

yes

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32
Q

what is chalcolithic age

A

copper bronze

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33
Q

which culture was an example of chacolithic culture

A

harappa

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34
Q

where did chalcolithic cultures grow

A

near river valleys

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35
Q

which came before, iron age or chalcolithic

A

chalcolithic

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36
Q

do vedas have a mention of iron

A

yes

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37
Q

megalithic burials are associated with

A

iron age

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38
Q

important megalithic sites are

A

Hallur and Maski in Karnataka
Nagarjunakonda in Andhra
Adichchanallur in TN

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39
Q

Why was IVC changed to indus valley civilisation

A

bc more sites were discovered far away from the indus valley

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40
Q

important IVC sites

A

kot diji- Pakistan
Kalibangan- rajasthan
Rupar- Punjab
Banawali- Haryana
Lothal, dholavira, surkotada- Gujarat

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41
Q

stages of harappan civilisation

A

pre harappan- settled agricultural life Mehrgarh in pakistan
Early harappan- large villages, gradual growth of towns- Amri and Kot diji
Mature harappan- great cities emerged, elaborate town planning, urban- Kalibangan
Late harappan- decline- Lothal, a port surrounded by brick walls for flood protection, emporium of trade

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42
Q

Sir John Marshall, Fairservis and DP Agarwal are associated with

A

estimated the duration of harappan civilisation

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43
Q

Town planning of Harappans

A

grid system- lanes at right angle
Citadels of mud brick
brick houses
use of burnt brick
absence of stone building
underground drainage system

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44
Q

Which cities had their own citadels

A

Harappa, Mohenjadaro, Kalibangan

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45
Q

Did IVC have stone buildings

A

no

46
Q

the great bath is associated with

A

mohenjodaro, had a ritual bathing site

47
Q

which was the largest building of mohenjodaro

A

granary

48
Q

crops grown during harappan

A

wheat, barley, sesame, mustard, cotton, peas, oil seeds.

49
Q

did goats and deer exist in IVC

A

yes

50
Q

external trade of IVC was done with

A

mesopotamia/ sumerian, afghanistan, iran

51
Q

items of export and items of import

A

import- gold, copper, tin,semi precious stones
export- agricultural

52
Q

was tin used by IVC

A

yes

53
Q

did IVC have ships

A

yes

54
Q

metals used by IVC

A

copper, tin, bronze, gold, silver NO IRON

55
Q

Did IVC use cosmetics

A

yes

56
Q

Dancing girl is from

A

Mohenjodaro

57
Q

what is the dancing girl made up of

A

bronze

58
Q

How was the harappan script written

A

right to left majorly
but also the boustrophedon method- reverse direction in alternative lines

59
Q

What was the language of harappans

A

dravidian or Brahmi

60
Q

chief male diety of IVC

A

Pasupati [proto shiva]

61
Q

animals pasupati is surrounded by

A

elephant, tiger, rhino, buffalo, deers
hence these animals were known to IVC

62
Q

Other dieties of Harappans

A

mother goddess, linga worship, trees and animals
they also used amulets against ghosts

63
Q

Burial methods

A

complete burials
post cremation burials
pot burials
used coffins made of burnt bricks
also used wooden coffins
pairs of skeletons also found

64
Q

does the rigveda talk of invasion of forts

A

yes

65
Q

reasons for prehistoric ppl to draw

A

to make their caves more colourful
keep a visual record of their day to day life

66
Q

evidence of prehistoric paintings came majorly from

A

upper paleolithic period

67
Q

what was drawn in prehistoric paintings

A

stick drawings of human activities, geometric design, animal symbols
Hunting, dancing, animal fighting, household scenes

68
Q

which period have prehistoric paintings in india been reported

A

upper paleolithic period

69
Q

when was discovery of rock paintings done in india and by whom

A

1867 by Archibold Carlleyle

70
Q

early archaeologists who discovered rock paintings

A

Cockburn, Anderson, Mitra and Ghosh

71
Q

Famous place in uttarakhand where rock paintings also explain

A

rock shelters on banks of the riv Suyal at Lakhudiyar

Lakhudiyar means literally one lakh caves

3 kinds found here- man, animal, geometric patterns in white, black and red ochre in stick like forms

drew lizard and fox

72
Q

famous prehistoric sites in india

A

Bhimbetka in MP
Kupgallu
Piklihal
Tekkalkota
vindhyan ranges of MP
Kaimurean extensions of UP

73
Q

animals often found in prehistoric

A

bulls
elephants
sambhars
gazelles
sheep
goats
horses
humans
tridents
rarely vegetable motifs

74
Q

Who discovered bhimbetka

A

1957, VS Wakankar

75
Q

classification of bhimbetka rock art on the basis of

A
  1. Style
  2. Technique
  3. Superimposition
76
Q

the rock paintings can be classified into how many historical periods

A

7

77
Q

green and red paintings are of what

A

green- dancers
red- hunters

78
Q

describe the paintings of mesolithic period

A

smaller in size
hunting scenes predominate showing sticks, bows and arrows traps to catch animals
hunters wearing clothes and ornaments like head dresses and masks

in some pics, animals are chasing hunters, in others vice versa
some show fear of animals while others show love for animals

depicted family life
women and children also depicted
wmn shown grinding and preparing food

hand prints, fist prints and dots also made

79
Q

what colours were used by artists of bhimbetka

A

red from haematite
green from chalcedony
white from limestone

80
Q

how were paints made

A

by grinding various rocks and minerals
then mixed with water and animal fat or gum

brushes were made from plant fibre

81
Q

why have colours remained intact

A

bc of chemical rxn of the oxide present on the surface of the rocks

82
Q

where all were rock paintings found

A

walls, ceilings, where ppl lived
some even not in living spaces probably bc of religious reasons
some at uncomfortable positions for ppl to notice

83
Q

is rock painting common today

A

yes, but amongst primitive ppl

84
Q

why was there a superimposition of paintings

A

maybe bc artist did not like the creations and made his own
or bc some places were just considered sacred

85
Q

how are prehistoric paintings useful today

A

help us understand early humans
their lifestyle, food, habits
mainly their mind and what they thought

86
Q

statues in IVC are made up of

A

stone, bronze, teracotta

87
Q

are statues abundantly found in IVC

A

Not abundant but are refined

88
Q

what was bronze casting used for

A

making statues

89
Q

what is bronze casting

A

wax figures are first covered with a coating of clay and allowed to dry
then the wax was heated and the molten wax was allowed to drain out thru a tiny hole made in the clay cover
the hollow mould thus created is filled with molten metal which takes the shape of the object [statue]
once the metal cooled, the clay cover is completely removed

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D2LTsD8IE_s

90
Q

what is bronze casting also known as

A

lost wax method

91
Q

was bronze casting common during IVC

A

Yes

92
Q

difference between stone and bronze statues as compared with teracotta

A

teracotta ones are very crude
the realistic ones are from gujarat and kalibangan

93
Q

what were seals made of in ivc

A

steatite mostly but also of ivory

94
Q

animals on seals of IVC

A

unicorn bull, rhino, tiger, elephant, bison, goat, buffalo etc

95
Q

purpose of making seals

A

mainly for commercial use
they were also used as amulets
similar to modern day identity card

96
Q

use of copper tablets in IVC

A

Amulets

97
Q

how were pottery made of in ivc

A

chiefly of very fine wheel made wares, very few being hand made

98
Q

which pottery were rare

A

polychrome [multicoloured] and incised ware was rare
painted pottery was rare
straight and angular shapes are excpetion, while graceful curves were the rule

99
Q

what were beads made up of

A

IVC had a well established bead industry
beads were made of carnelian, amethyst, jasper, crystal, quartz, steatite, turquoise, lapis lazuli etc

100
Q

did both men and wmn wear ornaments in IVC

A

YES

But women additionally wore girdles, earrings and anklets

101
Q

where have bead industries been discovered IVC

A

Lothal
Chanhudaro

102
Q

what was spun very commonly and what did ppl wear

A

cotton, wool
2 pieces for both men and women like a dhoti and a shawl

103
Q

were IVC ppl fashionable

A

yes, used cosmetics like face paint, eyeliners and lipstick

104
Q

was stone used for construction during IVC

A

Yes

105
Q

what is pre historic period

A

period in which no written record is found bc writing was not invented

106
Q

what is proto history

A

writing was invented, but modern world unable to decipher what is written
eg is harappan script

107
Q

oldest rock painting in the world is

A

Altamira in spain

108
Q

where is bhimbetka located in

A

Vindhyan ranges of MP

109
Q

was copper casting done during harappan age

A

yes

110
Q

what is teracotta

A

paki huyi mitti

111
Q

what was mother goddess made up of

A

teracotta

112
Q

what was perforted pottery

A

large hole at the bottom and small holes all over the walls used for straining liquor

Ancient History (8 decks)

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