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Ancient History > Buddhism and Jainism > Flashcards

Buddhism and Jainism Flashcards

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1
Q

when did buddhism and jainism emerge

A

6th century BC

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2
Q

What caused rise of buddhism and jainism

A

religious factors
1. religious unrest in india in 6th century BC
2. Complex and unnecessary rituals and sacrifices in LV
3. Sacrificial ceremonies too costly
4. Superstition confused people
5. Upanishads as an alternative to sacrifices was too philosophical
6. Sanskrit was the language of the elite

social factors
1. Rigid caste system generated tensions in society
2. Unequal status and power dynamics
3. Kshatriyas resented priestly domination
4. Even buddha and mahavira were from kshatriya origin

economic factors
1. Growth of trade led to better economic conditions of vaishyas but orthodox varna system did not allow better social status.

hence ppl needed a short and simple way to salvation

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3
Q

who created jainism

A

rishabhdeva

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4
Q

who was vardhaman mahavira

A

24th and the last tithankara of the jain tradition

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5
Q

who are Neminath and Parsvanatha

A

other tirthankaras of jainism

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6
Q

where was mahavira born and died

A

born in kundagram
died at rajagriha

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7
Q

what is the highest spiritual knowledge attained by mahavira called

A

Kevala gnana

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8
Q

who was called jina

A

mahavira

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9
Q

what are the teachings of mahavira

A

triratnas

  1. right faith- in mahavira’s teachings
  2. right knowledge- no god
  3. right conduct-
    a not to injure
    b not to lie
    c not to steal
    d not to acquire property
    e not to lead an immoral life
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10
Q

who gave the doctrine of ahimsa

A

mahavira

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11
Q

what is the doctrine of ahimsa

A

regards all objects animate and inanimate as having souls of varying degree and consciousness

they possess life and feel pain when injured

even agriculture was sinful as it injures earth, worms and animals

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12
Q

Did jainism reject vedas

A

yes

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13
Q

what is the doctrine of asceticism and renunciation

A

starvation, nudity and self torture

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14
Q

how did mahavira spread his teachings

A

Organised SANGHA and admitted both men and women, and monks and lay followers

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15
Q

famous kings who patronised jainism

A

chandragupta maurya, kharavela of kalinga, Gangas, Kadambas, Chalukyas, Rashtrakuta

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16
Q

In what sects did jainism divide

A

Svetambaras [white clad]
digambaras [ sky clad, naked]

17
Q

How did division take place in jainism

A

Famine in ganga valley

some monks led by Bhadrabahu and Chandragupta maurya came to Sravana Belgola in Karrnataka—– Digambara, practiced extreme

Others who stayed back in north india were led by a monk named Sthlabahu who changed the code of conduct—— Swetambaras, practiced moderation

18
Q

when, by whom and where were jain councils held

A

1— Pataliputra, by Sthulabahu, Swetambaras leader, 300 BC

2— Valabhi, 500 BC, 12 Angas were completed

19
Q

How many Jain councils are held

A

2

20
Q

Where was gautam buddha born and die

A

born- Lumbini garden, kapilavastu
died- Kusinagara

21
Q

which clan was siddharta from

A

Sakya clan

22
Q

Bodh gaya significance

A

Bodhi tree under which buddha attained nirvana

23
Q

What does buddha mean

A

the enlightened one

24
Q

where did buddha give his first sermon

A

Sarnath

25
Q

disciples of buddha

A

Sariputta
Moggallanna
Ananda
Kassapa
Upali

U-MASK

26
Q

Which kings accepted buddhism

A

Prasenjit of kosala
Bimbisara and ajatashatru of Magadha
Kausambi
Ashoka

27
Q

what did buddha concern himself with

A

Real life problems and and not metaphysical problems like god, soul and karma, rebirth

28
Q

teachings of buddha

A

4 noble truths of buddha

  1. The world is full of suffering
  2. The cause of all suffering is desire
  3. If desires are get rid off, suffering can be removed
  4. This can be done by following the eightfold path

neither believes nor rejected
taught that soul does not exist
emphasized on Ahimsa
Purity of thought
emphasised on karma
Rationalised who explained with reason
against any social discrimination
Made buddhism more of a social revolution than a religious revolution
principle of social equality
taught the code of practical ethics, equally valuable in the present world

29
Q

what does the 8 fold path consist of

A

Right Understanding, Right Thought, Right Speech, Right Action, Right Livelihood, Right Effort, Right Mindfulness and Right Concentration.

30
Q

Does Buddha believe in existence of god

A

neither believes nor rejected

31
Q

how did buddhism spread

A

2 kinds of disciples

  1. Monks [bhikshus]
  2. Lay worshippers [upasikas]

the monks were organised into Sangha, membership was open to all [caste, men, wmn]. There was a special code for nuns restricting their residence and movement.

32
Q

Buddhist councils

A

ORDER— GOOGLE TABLE TO MEMORISE

NUMBER - YEAR - VENUE - CHAIRMAN - PATRON - RESULT

1- 486 BC- Rajgriha- Ajatashatru [Haryanka dynasty] - Ananda composed the Suttapitaka (Buddha’s Teachings) and Mahakassapa composed the Vinaypitaka (monastic code).

2 - 383 BC - Vaishali - Sabakami - Kalasoka [Shishunaga dynasty] - Slit into Theravada [Traditional] and Mahayana [Liberalised]

3 - 250 BC - Pataliputra - Mogaliputta Tissa- Asoka of Mauryan empire - Abhidhamma Pitaka was composed

4 - 98 AD - Kundalvana in Kashmir - Vasumitra and Ashvaghosha - Kanishka of Kushan dynasty - division of Buddhism into two sects namely, Mahayana (the Greater Vehicle) and Hinayana (the Lesser Vehicle)

5 - 1871 AD - Myanmar - Theravada monks - King Mindon - to recite all the teachings of the Buddha and examine whether any of them had been altered, distorted or neglected

6 - 1954 - Myanamar - Burmese Government - Prime Minister U Nu - construction of the Maha Passana Guha, the “great cave”, an artificial cave very much like India’s Sattapanni Cave where the first Buddhist Council had been held

33
Q

Which buddism was preached by Asoka

A

Hianayana

34
Q

differentiate between mahayana and hinayana buddhism

A

Mahayana sect believed in idol worship, rituals, and Bodhisattvas. They regarded the Buddha as God. Hinayana continued the original teachings and practices of the Buddha. They adhere to the scriptures written in Pali while the Mahayana includes Sanskrit scriptures as well.

35
Q

Causes for decline of buddhism

A
  1. Revival of Brahmanism
  2. Rise of Bhagvatism
  3. Use of Pali [language of the masses] was given up and Sanskrit was adopted
  4. Idol worship after Mahayana buddhism
  5. Attack of Huns and Turkish destroyed monastries
36
Q

Contribution of Buddhism to Indian culture

A
  1. Concept of Ahimsa
  2. Art and architecture. Stupas at sanchi, bharhut and gaya, cahityas and viharas
  3. Residential academies at Taxila, Nalanda and Vikramshila
  4. Development of Pali and other local languages
  5. Spread of Indian culture to other parts of Asia
37
Q

Which language were tripitakas written in

A

Pali

Ancient History (8 decks)

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