pregnancy physiology part 2

Question 1

when does gestation occur?

Answer 1

from conception to 38 weeks

Question 2

what is parturition?

Answer 2

birth

Question 3

what is known as false labour contractions?

Answer 3

Braxton-hicks contraction

Question 4

what are the 3 stages of parturition?

Answer 4

-cervical dilation
-delivery
-delivery of placenta

Question 5

how many cm is needed for dilation?

Answer 5

10cm

Question 6

what happens during cervical dilation?

Answer 6

amniotic sac ruptures- fluid lubricates the birth canal

Question 7

when would the cervix not be dilated to 10cm at birth?

Answer 7

breech baby

Question 8

what occurs during delivery?

Answer 8

abdominal contractions and pushing that moves baby from cervix to vagina

Question 9

what is cut when the baby is born?

Answer 9

umbilical cord- tied (naval)

Question 10

what is involved in the delivery of the placenta?

Answer 10

further contractions to separate the placenta from the myometrium- expelled through vagina

Question 11

what continues to happen after birth to prevent haemorrhage?

Answer 11

further myometrium contractions

Question 12

what is involution?

Answer 12

shrinkage of the uterus

Question 13

what induces involution?

Answer 13

decrease in E and P

Question 14

what can further influence the progression of involution?

Answer 14

breastfeeding-releases oxytocin which triggers involution

Question 15

where to mammary ducts terminate?

Answer 15

in lobules

Question 16

what do the lobules contain?

Answer 16

alveoli

Question 17

what do alveoli produce?

Answer 17

milk

Question 18

what hormones stimulates formation of lobules?

Answer 18

progesterone

Question 19

what is the function of epithelial cells in the alveoli?

Answer 19

secrete milk into lumen ready for ejection

Question 20

what hormone causes secretion of milk during suckling?

Answer 20

prolactin

Question 21

what hormone causes ejection of milk through mammary ducts?

Answer 21

oxytocin

Question 22

what inhibits LH and FSH and what does this suppress?

Answer 22

oxytocin which surpresses menstrual cycle

i.e lactation may inhibit ovulation

Question 23

what is produced in the first 5 days of lactation and why is this important?

Answer 23

colostrum- it has increased immunoprotection

Question 24

where is prolactin produced?

Answer 24

anterior pituitary

Question 25

where is oxytocin produced?

Answer 25

posterior pituitary

Question 26

is oxytocin released during contractions and why?

Answer 26

yes, as a reflex and it increased uterine contractions

Question 27

alongside prolactin and oxytocin, what else does suckling induce?

Answer 27

LH and FSH but it is inhibited by oxytocin which suppresses menstruation