Pregnancy, Newborn and Abdomen Flashcards
changes occur in pregnant women primarily because of ________ changes
hormonal
List changes to a pregnant women’s skin, hair, and nails
- excessive oiliness or dryness of scalp
- increased growth of hair and nails
- acne vulgaris
- darkening areola and nipples, axillae and perineum
- hyperpigmentation: linea nigra, dark line extending from umbilicus to mons pubis
- chloasma, mask of pregnancy and darkening of facial hair skin
- hirsutism of face, abdomen and back
List changes to a pregnant woman’s mouth, throat, and sinuses
- gingival bleeding and hypertrophy
- vocal changes due to edema of larynx
- nasal stuffiness
- epistaxis due to estrogen induced edema
increased estrogen = ?
increased H20 retention
List changes to pregnant women’s breast
- tingling and tenderness
- hyperpigmentation
- enlargement of Montgomery tubercles
- prominence of superficial veins
- development of striae (stretch marks)
- expression of colostrum in 2nd and 3rd trimester
List changes to pregnant women’s abdomen
- lower pelvic discomfort
- frequent urination
- constipation
- heartburns
- gestational diabetes
List changes to pregnant women’s heart, lungs and peripheral vascular system
- increased heart rate (10-15 bpm)
- increased cardiac output and cardiac size
- feeling dizzy and lightheaded
- edema in lower extremities and varicosities
- shortness of breath (last trimester)
List changes to pregnant women’s musculoskeletal and neurological system
- gradual lordosis
- waddling gait
- pain or tingling feeling in thighs
- leg cramps
- dizzy and lightheaded
describes a child from birth to 28 days old
newborn or neonate
refers to a child between ages 28 days old to 1 year old
infant
white, creamy, naturally occurring biofilm covering the skin of the fetus
vernix caseosa
soft, fine hair covering a fetus while inside the uterus
lanugo
closes at 12-18 months
anterior fontanelle
closes at 2 motnhs
posterior fontanelle
newborns have an average of how many breathe per minute
30-60
average pulse rate of a newborn
120-160 bpm
a newborns skin should appear what color
pink
the heart sounds of a newborn is very audible due to what
thin subcutaneous tissue
how old is a newborn for them to have almost NO head lag, may push up to prone position
3-4 months
how old is a newborn for them to roll from front to back
5-6 months
how old is a newborn for them to sit unsupported
6-7 months
how old is a newborn for them to start cruising
10 months
how old is a newborn for them to walk when handheld
12 months
how old when newborn has grasp reflex
at birth
how old when newborn has their grasp reflex fade away
3 months
how old when newborn can grasp voluntarily
5-6 months
how old when newborn can hand to hand transfer
7 months
how old when newborn can pincer grasp
9 months
how old when newborn can do 2 block tower ENG
12 months
average weight of a newborn
between 2500-4000 grams
average length of a newborn
44-55 cm
average head circumference of a newborn
33-35.5 cm
average chest circumference of a newborn
29-34 cm
newborn will move their hear toward the stimulated area and open the mouth
what reflex is this
rooting reflex
The newborn’s grasp should be strong, you may even be able to pull the newborn to a sitting position
what reflex is this
palmar grasp reflex
placing a glover finger or nipple in newborn’s mouth to test
what reflex is this
sucking reflex
toes of newborn should curl downward lightly
what reflex is this
plantar grasp reflex
response to sudden stimulation or an abrupt change in position
what reflex is this
moro (or startle) reflex
reflex response is manifested by the newborn stepping with one foot and then the other in a walking motion
what reflex is this
stepping reflex
List the 9 abdominal regions
right and left hypochondriac region
epigastric region
right and left lumbar region
umbilical region
right and left iliac region
hypogastric region
white line that extends vertically from the xiphoid process of the sternum to the symphysis pubis
linea alba
List the body system within the abdomen
gastrointestinal
reproductive (female)
lymphatic
urinary
the abdominal viscera is divided into two types
solid and hollow viscera
List the organs under the solid viscera category
liver, pancreas, spleen, adrenal glands, kidneys, ovaries, and uterus
List the organs under the hollow viscera category
stomach, gallbladder, small intestine, colon, and bladder
largest solid organ in the body
liver
