Pregnancy : Maternal adaptation

Question 1

Which hormones are produced by the placenta?

Answer 1

HcG
Human Placental Lactogen, Relaxin
Progesterone
Oestrogen.

Question 2

What produces Hcg until the l the placenta is developed sufficiently to take over that function ?

Answer 2

Foetal trophoblasts

Question 3

When is there a peak production of HCG?

Answer 3

At 8 weeks

Question 4

What are the functions of HcG?

Answer 4

• Responsible for maintaining the maternal corpus luteum, which secretes progesterone and estrogens, with synthesis occurring before implantation.
• Production by fetal trophoblast cells until the placenta is developed sufficiently to take over that function.
• Basis for early pregnancy tests because it appears in the maternal bloodstream soon after implantation .
• Production peaking at 8 weeks and then gradually declining .

Question 5

Which hormone is involved in preparation of mammary glands for lactation and involvement in the process of making glucose available for fetal growth by altering maternal carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism ?

Answer 5

Human Placental Lactogen

Question 6

True or False? Human Placental Lactogen is an agonist of insulin because it increases tissue sensitivity or alters the ability to use insulin.

Answer 6

FALSE!! It is ANTAGONIST t of insulin because it decreases tissue sensitivity or alters the ability to use insulin

Question 7

Fill in the blanks.” Relaxin is secreted by the _________ as well as the ________during pregnancy .”

Answer 7

Placenta and Corpus Leuteum

Question 8

Which hormone allows for an increase in flexibility of the pubic symphysis, permitting the pelvis to expand during delivery?

Answer 8

Relaxin

Question 9

Fill in the blanks. “ ________ causes dilation of the cervix of the pubic symphysis, permitting the pelvis to expand during delivery.”

Answer 9

Relaxin

Question 10

True or False? Relaxin suppresses the release of oxytocin by the hypothalamus, thus delaying the onset of labor contractions .

Answer 10

TRUE!!

Question 11

True or False? The hormone Progesterone is involved in the promotion of the enlargement of the genitals, uterus, and breasts, and increased vascularity, causing vasodilatation.

Answer 11

FALSE!! Oestrogen does this!

Question 12

Which hormone helps to control the Promotion of the enlargement of the genitals, uterus, and breasts, and increased vascularity, causing vasodilatation?

Answer 12

Oestrogen

Question 13

Fill in the blanks. “ _________ is involved in the relaxation of pelvic ligaments and joints .”

Answer 13

Oestrogen

Question 14

True or False? An increase in HcG results in a a decrease of T4 and an increase of TSH.

Answer 14

FALSE!! An increase in HcG results in an INCREASE in T4 and a DECREASE in TSH

Question 15

True or False? FSH and LH are INHIBITED during Pregnancy.

Answer 15

TRUE!!

Question 16

Fill in the blanks. “ During pregnancy, prolactin is ____________ due to progesterone.”

Answer 16

REDUCED

Question 17

What happens to the Immune system during Pregnancy?

Answer 17

• Decreased resistance to infection resulting from the depressed leukocyte function.
• Improvement in certain autoimmune conditions resulting from the depressed leukocyte function .
• Decreased maternal immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels secondary to cross-placental transfer to the fetus starting at about 16 weeks’ gestation.
• Stable maternal IgA and IgM levels.
• T and B cell function is reduced .

Question 18

What is the name given to the ‘sign’ that the cervix has softened due to vasocongestion?

Answer 18

Goodell’s sign

Question 19

What is the name given to the ‘sign’ that there is increased vascularisation of the cervix ?

Answer 19

Chadwick’s sign