Pregnancy and child birth

Question 1

28.1 Discuss the hormonal, anatomical and physiological changes in the mother during pregnancy.

Answer 1

Hormonal:

Anatomical:

Physiological:

Question 2

28.2 Describe the procedures for fetal ultrasonography, amniocentesis and chorionic sampling.

Answer 2

Fetal:

Ultrasonography

Amniocentesis

Chorionic sampling.

Question 2

28.3 Identify the three stages of parturition and list the major events occurring in each.

Question 3

28.4 Describe the respiratory and cardiovascular adjustments that occur in the infant at birth.

Question 4

28.5 Discuss how a “hole in the heart” might occur.

Answer 4

The hole is due to the failure of the foramen ovale to close.

Question 4

28.6 Describe the hormonal control of lactation.

Question 5

Patent foramen ovale

Answer 5

A hole between the right and left atria – often called a “hole in the heart”

Question 6

Colostrum

Answer 6

Fluid rich in fats/proteins secreted from the breast before “true” breast milk

Question 7

What are the hormonal changes in the mother?

Answer 7

2nd lot of hormones:
Relaxin increases flexibility of the pubic symphysis and helps dilate the uterine cervix near the end of pregnancy.
Risk for sprained ankles!

Human placental lactogen (hPL) contributes to breast development, protein anabolism, and catabolism of glucose and fatty acids.

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), produced by the placenta, is thought to establish the timing of birth, and stimulates the secretion of cortisol by the fetal adrenal gland.