Genetics Flashcards
Describe the significance of crossover in genetic inheritance.
Crossing Over
This process results in new combinations of alleles in the gametes (egg or sperm) formed, which ensures genomic variation in any offspring produced.
23.4 Explain co-dominance in relation to the ABO blood group.
What are chromosomes?
Chromosomes carry DNA in cells.
What is the function of DNA?
** Improve answer**
DNA is responsible for building and maintaining your human structure.
What is a gene?
Genes are segments of your DNA which give you physical characteristics that make you unique.
What is a condon?
A sequence of 3 bases in a gene
Define genome
All the coding and non-coding genetic material of an organism
Define proteome
The entire range of proteins that a cell is able to produce
Define introns
Segments of DNA which do not code for amino acids/ proteins
Does prokaryotic DNA contain introns?
No
Define exons
Base triplet coding for amino acids
What is it called when a gene exists in more than one form?
Alleles
A pair of matching chromosomes are called…
homozygous chromosomes
What is a degenerate code?
More than one base triplet codes for the same amino acid
Are the hydrogen bonds between the folded tRNA molecule between complementary bases?
Yes
When folded, the hydrogen bonds will only be found between A & T and C & G
Define the non-coding base sequence and describe where the non-coding multiple repeats are positioned in the genome.
DNA that does not code for order of amino acids
Found between genes
How does a gene code for a polypeptide?
Base triplets code for amino acid SEQUENCE
Similarities between eukaryotic and prokaryotic DNA
Nucleotides joined by phosphodiester bonds
The nucleotide structure is identical
The two strands in a DNA molecule are held together by …
Hydrogen bonds
The term haploid refers to cells that have
23 chromosomes
The presence of an extra chromosome in a diploid cell is called…
trisomy
Meiosis is a type of cell division that occurs in the…
reproductive organs
If an allele must be present on both the maternal and paternal chromosomes to be expressed within the phenotype of the offspring, it is said to be…
recessive
The location of a gene on a chromosome is where?
On its locus
The genotype is determined by what?
DNA sequencing
Define Mitosis
The part of the cell cycle in which a eukaryotic cell divides to produce two daughter cells, each with identical copies of DNA produced by the parent cell during DNA replication.
Define Meosis
Meiosis is a form of nuclear division that produces haploid cells from diploid cells. It produces gametes that are used in sexual reproduction.