pregnancy adaptions - week 3 Flashcards
sign and symptoms of pregnancy (subject and objective)
Presumptive signs (subjective)
Breast tenderness (3 to 4 weeks)
Amenorrhea (4 weeks)
Nausea and vomiting (4 to 14 weeks)
Breast enlargement (6 weeks)
Urinary frequency (6 to 12 weeks)
Uterine enlargement (7 to 12 weeks)
Fatigue (12 weeks)
Hyperpigmentation of skin (16 weeks)
Fetal movements (quickening; 16 to 20 weeks)
Probable signs (objective)
Positive pregnancy test (4 to 12 weeks)
Goodell’s sign (5 weeks)
Chadwick’s sign (6 to 8 weeks)
Hegar’s sign (6 to 12 weeks)
Abdominal enlargement (14 weeks)
Ballottement (16 to 28 weeks)
Braxton Hicks contractions (16 to 28 weeks)
chadwick’s sign
Bluish-purple coloration of the vaginal mucosa and cervix
goodell’s sign
softening of the cervix
hegar’s sign
softening of the lower uterine segment or isthmus
postive signs of pregnacy
Positive signs
Ultrasound verification of embryo or fetus (4 to 6 weeks)
Auscultation of fetal heart tones via Doppler (10 to 12 weeks)
Fetal movement felt by experienced clinician (20 weeks)
reproductive systems adaptions - uterus
Uterus
* Increase in size, weight, length, width, depth, volume, and overall capacity
* Pear shape to ovoid; positive Hegar’s sign
* Enhanced uterine contractility; Braxton Hicks contractions
* Ascent into abdomen after first 3 months
* Fundal height by 20 weeks’ gestation at level of umbilicus, 20 cm; reliable determination of gestational age until 36 weeks’ gestation
cervix reproductive system adaptions
- Softening (Goodell’s sign)
- Mucus plug formation
- Increased vascularization (Chadwick’s sign)
- Ripening about 4 weeks before birth
vagina adaptions
- Increased vascularity with thickening
- Lengthening of vaginal vault
- Secretions more acidic, white, and thick; leukorrhea
ovaries adaptions
- Enlargement until 12th to 14th week of gestation
- Cessation of ovulation
breasts adaptions
- Increase in size and vascularity to prepare for lactation; increase in nipple size, becoming more erect and pigmented
- Production of colostrum: antibody-rich, yellow fluid that can be expressed by the 3rd trimester; conversion to mature milk after delivery
GI system adaptions
- Gums: hyperemic, swollen, and friable
- Ptyalism
- Dental problems; gingivitis
- Decreased peristalsis and smooth muscle relaxation
- Constipation + increased venous pressure + pressure from uterus = hemorrhoids
- Slowed gastric emptying; heartburn
- Prolonged gallbladder emptying
- Nausea and vomiting
cardiovasular system adaptions
Increases in
* Blood volume (50% above prepregnant levels)
* Cardiac output, venous return, heart rate
* Number of RBCs
* Plasma volume (> RBCs, leading to hemodilution, physiologic anemia)
* Iron demands, fibrin, plasma fibrinogen levels, some clotting factors = hypercoagulable state
Slight decline in blood pressure until midpregnancy, then returning to prepregnancy levels
respitory system adaptations
- Breathing more diaphragmatic than abdominal due to increases in diaphragmatic excursion, chest circumference, and tidal volume
- Increase in oxygen consumption
- Congestion secondary to increased vascularity
renal/urinary system adaptation
- Dilation of renal pelvis; elongation, widening, and increase in curve of ureters
- Increase in length and weight of kidneys
- Increase in GFR; increased urine flow and volume
- Increase in kidney activity with woman lying down; greater increase in later pregnancy with woman lying on side
musculoskeletal system adaptations
- Softening and stretching of ligaments holding sacroiliac joints and pubis symphysis
- Postural changes: increased swayback and upper spine extension
- Forward shifting of centre of gravity
- Increase in lumbosacral curve (lordosis); compensatory curve in cervicodorsal area
Waddle gait
